Clinic San Fernando S.A. is a multispecialty hospital in Cali, Colombia. Founded in 1949, it focuses on plastic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, and otorhinolaryngology. It treats patients of medium and high complexity. Its team has performed over 200,000 surgeries. Dr. Eduardo Salazar Hurtado, with 30 years of experience, leads plastic surgery.
The hospital has 34 beds, three operating rooms, and an intensive care unit. A 24-hour laboratory runs on site. Specialists use the Renuvion J-Plasma system for skin tightening and liposuction. It holds membership in the Colombian Society of Plastic Surgery. International patients often travel here from Europe and North, Central, and South America.
","text_type":"short_description","reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9718,"alias":"clinic-san-fernando-s-a","name":"clinic San Fernando S.A.","short_description":"Clinic San Fernando S.A. is a multispecialty hospital in Cali, Colombia. Founded in 1949, it focuses on plastic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, and otorhinolaryngology. It treats patients of medium and high complexity. Its team has performed over 200,000 surgeries. Dr. Eduardo Salazar Hurtado, with 30 years of experience, leads plastic surgery.
The hospital has 34 beds, three operating rooms, and an intensive care unit. A 24-hour laboratory runs on site. Specialists use the Renuvion J-Plasma system for skin tightening and liposuction. It holds membership in the Colombian Society of Plastic Surgery. International patients often travel here from Europe and North, Central, and South America.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae355e7f1648","title":"Vista exterior de la clínica San Fernando S.A. en Colombia, edificio moderno de varios pisos"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae355e9997b0","title":"Área de recepción en Clínica San Fernando con farmacia e interior moderno"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae355eb54dc6","title":"Fachada de la clínica San Fernando S.A., edificio médico moderno de ladrillo en Panamá"},{"base_url":"clinic/6ae355eced3b0","title":"Área de recepción en la clínica San Fernando S.A. con interior moderno y sala de espera"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Colombia","id":204,"alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},"city":{"name":"Cali","id":2523,"alias":"cali"},"address":"Calle 5 #38-48, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":3.7,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":3,"year_foundation":1949},"accreditations":[]}}],"meta":{"total_count":1,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":1,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":1,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":159},"doctors":{"doctors":[{"doctor":{"id":23243,"alias":"giovanny-alvarado","name":"Giovanny Alvarado","first_year_working":0,"created_at":"2026-10-29T10:42:13.789+00:00","short_description":"El Dr. Giovanny Alvarado es cirujano plástico en Cali, Colombia. Realiza procedimientos de contorno corporal y rejuvenecimiento facial en su clínica quirúrgica. El Dr. Alvarado se formó en Brasil bajo la supervisión de la Dra. Talita Franco, cirujana plástica y reconstructiva.
La clínica de cirugía plástica del Dr. Giovanny Alvarado, certificado por el consejo correspondiente, está ubicada en Cali, Colombia. La práctica se enfoca en procedimientos estéticos y reconstructivos, como los cambios de imagen para mamás, el aumento de senos y el contorno corporal. El Dr. Alvarado cuenta con más de 20 años de experiencia. Se formó en la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, en Brasil.
La clínica limita las cirugías a dos procedimientos por día. Esto permite que el cirujano dedique toda su atención a cada paciente. El Dr. Alvarado está disponible por teléfono las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana, y se encarga personalmente de todos los controles posoperatorios. El equipo utiliza herramientas avanzadas como Waist-Maker, VASER y liposucción asistida por potencia.
La clínica cuenta con acreditaciones ISO 9001, ISAPS y ASPS. El Dr. Alvarado es miembro de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Plástica. Un equipo multidisciplinario brinda apoyo durante la recuperación e incluye especialistas en medicina interna, dermatología y anestesiología. También se ofrece terapia en cámara hiperbárica para ayudar a la cicatrización.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6ae321d34efe6","title":"Fachada colorida de la clínica de cirugía plástica Dr. Giovanny Alvarado en Medellín, Colombia"}],"flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Colombia","id":204,"alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},"city":{"name":"Cali","id":2523,"alias":"cali"},"address":"Edificio Vida Centro Profesional (Edificio de Colores), Calle 5D # 38A-35, Torre 2, piso 11, Consultorio 1105, Cali, Colombia"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.9,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":4},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/61779fac22b09.jpeg","name":"Otorgado al médico Certificado de la International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)","country_code":"US"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/6841934325139.jpeg","name":"ISO 9001:2015 Sistemas de gestión de la calidad"},{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5d88bd61a3cbb.jpeg","name":"Sociedad Americana de Cirujanos Plásticos","country_code":"US"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":1,"total_pages":1}},"reviews":{"reviews":[],"meta":{"total_count":0,"total_pages":1}},"offers":{"cards":[],"metadata":{"total_count":0}},"listingTexts":{"entity_texts":{},"texts":{"txt_procedure_3_clinics":{"text":"La cirugía cardíaca se realiza cuando:
\n\nSe pueden prescribir exámenes adicionales, medicamentos o cambios en el estilo de vida para evitar someterse al procedimiento. La reparación valvular es una alternativa preferible al reemplazo ya que permite preservar el corazón y la válvula. El procedimiento se realiza a corazón abierto con el uso de una máquina de circulación extracorpórea. La tasa de éxito de la operación es de hasta el 92%.
\n\nLos médicos toman una decisión sobre si un paciente necesita un reemplazo de válvula en función de los resultados del examen. En caso de las siguientes condiciones, un médico puede prescribir el reemplazo de la válvula:
\n\nCualquier paciente con problemas cardíacos conocidos debe ser cauteloso con los signos mencionados y realizar controles cada vez que alguno de ellos se manifieste. El diagnóstico precoz es crucial para esta enfermedad. Los pacientes que no son conscientes de su condición pueden sufrir daños en el corazón debido al mal funcionamiento de las válvulas cardíacas. Este daño puede provocar ataques cardíacos, condiciones críticas y muerte súbita.
\n\nContraindicaciones para la operación de válvulas cardíacas:
\n\nOperación de reemplazo mínimamente invasiva
\n\nLa operación se realiza mientras el paciente está bajo anestesia general. Se utiliza una máquina de circulación extracorpórea para mantener el flujo sanguíneo durante el procedimiento. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva es realizada por un equipo de cirujanos cardíacos. Los médicos utilizan instrumentos largos y dispositivos ópticos que se insertan a través de pequeñas incisiones en el pecho del paciente. El procedimiento somete al cuerpo del paciente a menos estrés y se considera menos riesgoso.
\n\nLa cirugía mínimamente invasiva supone una estancia hospitalaria del paciente más corta y una recuperación más rápida.
\n\nReemplazo transcatéter de válvula aórtica (TAVR/TAVI)
\n\nTAVR es un reemplazo mínimamente invasivo de la válvula aórtica. A veces se denomina “implantación” (TAVI). En este procedimiento se utiliza un catéter. Durante la operación, los cirujanos llegan al corazón del paciente a través de una pequeña incisión en el pecho oa través de una vena. Una vez en posición, la válvula de reemplazo se instala automáticamente o se expande y se ajusta con un globo. TAVR se usa en pacientes que tienen un alto riesgo de complicaciones relacionadas con la cirugía. TAVR también se aplica para el reemplazo de válvulas biológicas.
\n\nReemplazo de la válvula cardíaca (operación a corazón abierto)
\n\nEn los casos en que la válvula del paciente no se puede reparar, se hace viable un reemplazo. La válvula dañada se retira y se reemplaza por la mecánica o biológica. Las válvulas biológicas están hechas de tejido de corazón de vaca, cerdo o humano. Las válvulas biológicas se degradan con el tiempo, por lo que será necesario reemplazarlas en 10 a 15 años.
\n\nLos pacientes con válvulas mecánicas deben tomar medicamentos anticoagulantes por el resto de sus vidas para evitar la formación de coágulos sanguíneos.
\n\nLos cirujanos analizarán todos los detalles relacionados con el tipo de válvula antes de la operación, incluido el costo de la cirugía de reemplazo de válvula. Las válvulas biológicas pueden ser reemplazadas utilizando catéteres, sin necesidad de cirugía a corazón abierto.
\n\nReparación de válvulas cardíacas
\n\nLa operación de reparación de la válvula siempre se elige sobre el reemplazo. Este procedimiento puede incluir:
\n\nAlgunos procedimientos pueden realizarse con el uso de un catéter, guiado a través de la arteria del paciente. Por ejemplo, la abertura de la válvula estrechada se trata con una valvuloplastia con balón. Durante esta operación, se guía un globo unido al catéter hasta la válvula estrechada. Luego se infla el globo, expandiendo la válvula y permitiendo que la sangre pase libremente.
\nAntes de la operación, el paciente se somete a exámenes estándar:
\n\nLos pacientes no deben fumar 2 semanas antes de la operación, ya que aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones.
\n\nSi la operación no es mínimamente invasiva, al paciente se le administra anestesia general y se lo conecta a una máquina de circulación extracorpórea. Después de eso, se realizan las reparaciones o reemplazos. Cuando termina, se pone en marcha el corazón y se desconecta al paciente del bypass cardiopulmonar.
\n\nLa operación tarda de 2 a 5 horas en completarse, pero puede demorar más si se requieren procedimientos adicionales.
\nRecuperación
\n\nDespués de la operación, el paciente pasa los primeros 1 a 3 días en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). La estadía postoperatoria en el hospital dura hasta 2 semanas. Los médicos pueden asignar un régimen especial de ejercicios o un programa de rehabilitación a un paciente. Durante la estadía en el hospital, los signos vitales del paciente se controlan constantemente, cualquier síndrome de dolor se trata con anabólicos y se administran antibióticos si se manifiesta algún signo de infección.
\n\nEl período de recuperación varía según el estado de salud general del paciente. En promedio, los pacientes pueden regresar a un trabajo que no exige esfuerzo físico de 4 a 6 semanas después de la operación.
\n\nCuidados en el hogar
\n\nLos pacientes suelen ser dados de alta del hospital 2 semanas después de la operación. Los médicos recomiendan comprometerse a 150 minutos de ejercicio por semana. También es aconsejable que el paciente deje de fumar y/o beber. Se sabe que los malos hábitos reducen la vida útil de la válvula reemplazada y causan complicaciones.
\n\nSi un paciente ha recibido una válvula mecánica, debe tomar medicamentos anticoagulantes. Cualquier médico debe ser notificado sobre este hecho porque la sangre diluida tiene un mayor potencial para transmitir infecciones. Antes de realizar cualquier operación que pueda causar sangrado, los pacientes deben recibir un antibiótico especial.
\n\nPanorama
\n\nLa operación se considera de bajo riesgo y no somete al organismo a demasiado estrés. Los pacientes siempre deben estar atentos a posibles signos de mal funcionamiento de la válvula cardíaca, porque existe una pequeña posibilidad de que la válvula reemplazada falle. Suele pasar con las válvulas biológicas 10-15 años después de la operación. Los síntomas son típicos del mal funcionamiento de las válvulas cardíacas e incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y mareos. En tales casos es aconsejable someterse a otra operación.
\nEl costo de reemplazo de la válvula cardíaca está influenciado por los siguientes factores:
\n\nEnvíe una solicitud en el sitio web de Bookimed y nuestro coordinador médico se comunicará con usted lo antes posible. Recibirá respuestas a todas las preguntas sobre el costo de la cirugía de reemplazo de válvula mitral, qué tipo de procedimiento es adecuado para usted, etc. También lo ayudaremos a elegir el mejor hospital para la cirugía de reemplazo de válvula cardíaca y procesaremos toda su documentación. Si es necesario, recibirá asistencia para adquirir la visa y la transferencia.
\nDía 1
Dia 2
Día 3
Día 4
Día 5-6
Semana 2
Semana 3-6
Semana 7
Semana 12
Recuerde, la recuperación de cada paciente es única y puede variar según su estado de salud y la complejidad del reemplazo de la válvula cardíaca.
"}}},"relations":{"countries":[{"name":"Albania","alias":"albania","iso_code":"AL"},{"name":"Alemania","alias":"germany","iso_code":"DE"},{"name":"Azerbaiyán","alias":"azerbaijan","iso_code":"AZ"},{"name":"China","alias":"china","iso_code":"CN"},{"name":"Chipre","alias":"cyprus","iso_code":"CY"},{"name":"Colombia","alias":"colombia","iso_code":"CO"},{"name":"Corea del Sur","alias":"republic-of-korea","iso_code":"KR"},{"name":"Emiratos Árabes Unidos","alias":"united-arab-emirates","iso_code":"AE"},{"name":"España","alias":"spain","iso_code":"ES"},{"name":"Estados Unidos","alias":"united-states","iso_code":"US"},{"name":"Grecia","alias":"greece","iso_code":"GR"},{"name":"India","alias":"india","iso_code":"IN"},{"name":"Israel","alias":"israel","iso_code":"IL"},{"name":"Italia","alias":"italy","iso_code":"IT"},{"name":"Japón","alias":"japan","iso_code":"JP"},{"name":"Kazajistán","alias":"kazakhstan","iso_code":"KZ"},{"name":"Lituania","alias":"lithuania","iso_code":"LT"},{"name":"México","alias":"mexico","iso_code":"MX"},{"name":"Polonia","alias":"poland","iso_code":"PL"},{"name":"Reino Unido","alias":"united-kingdom","iso_code":"GB"},{"name":"República Checa","alias":"czech-republic","iso_code":"CZ"},{"name":"República Dominicana","alias":"dominican-republic","iso_code":"DO"},{"name":"Rumania","alias":"romania","iso_code":"RO"},{"name":"Suiza","alias":"switzerland","iso_code":"CH"},{"name":"Tailandia","alias":"thailand","iso_code":"TH"},{"name":"Turquía","alias":"turkey","iso_code":"TR"},{"name":"Ucrania","alias":"ukraine","iso_code":"UA"}],"cities":[{"name":"Cali","alias":"cali"},{"name":"Bogotá","alias":"bogota"},{"name":"Medellín","alias":"medellin"}],"operations":[{"name":"Reemplazo de la válvula aórtica","alias":"replacement-of-the-aortic-valve"},{"name":"Cirugía de revascularización coronaria","alias":"coronary-artery-bypass-grafting"},{"name":"Reemplazo de válvula cardíaca","alias":"heart-valve-replacement"}],"diagnostics":[{"name":"Consulta con creación de plan de tratamiento","alias":"consultation-with-creation-of-treatment-plan"},{"name":"Consulta con un cirujano cardíaco.","alias":"consultation-heart-surgeon"},{"name":"Hemograma completo","alias":"total-blood"},{"name":"Examen preventivo del corazón (hombres, mujeres)","alias":"heart-preventive-examination-men-women"}],"illnessKinds":[{"name":"Cirugía cardíaca","alias":"heart-surgery"}],"illness_kinds":[{"name":"Cirugía cardíaca","alias":"heart-surgery"}]},"popularSearches":[{"name":"Ablación por radiofrecuencia","alias":"radiofrequency-ablation","type":"operation","id":116},{"name":"Reemplazo de válvula cardíaca","alias":"heart-valve-replacement","type":"operation","id":2},{"name":"Instalación de marcapasos cardíaco","alias":"installing-heart-pacemaker","type":"operation","id":295},{"name":"Cirugía a corazón abierto","alias":"open-heart-surgery","type":"operation","id":663},{"name":"Colocación de stent coronario","alias":"coronary-stenting","type":"operation","id":554},{"name":"Ultrasonido","alias":"u.s.","type":"diagnostic","id":37},{"name":"Consulta con creación de plan de tratamiento","alias":"consultation-with-creation-of-treatment-plan","type":"diagnostic","id":457},{"name":"Hemograma completo","alias":"total-blood","type":"diagnostic","id":83},{"name":"Consulta con un cardiólogo","alias":"consulting-with-cardiologist","type":"diagnostic","id":162},{"name":"Electrocardiograma","alias":"ecg","type":"diagnostic","id":21}],"operationPrices":{"operation_prices":{"2":{"operation":{"name":"Reemplazo de válvula cardíaca","alias":"heart-valve-replacement","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":15000,"max_amount":24300,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":14,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":22000,"max_amount":35000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":16000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":41000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":true,"ES":true},"description":"Esta cirugía reemplaza las válvulas cardíacas dañadas, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo y la función cardíaca para una vida más saludable.
"},"100":{"operation":{"name":"Cirugía para la enfermedad cardíaca valvular adquirida","alias":"surgery-for-acquired-heart-defects","use_for_listing":false},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":18300,"max_amount":21500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":30000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":15000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":41000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":true},"description":"Este procedimiento repara o reemplaza las válvulas cardíacas dañadas, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo y la salud del paciente.
"},"193":{"operation":{"name":"Cirugia plastica de valvula cardiaca","alias":"plastic-surgery-for-cardiac-valve","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":10000,"max_amount":12000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":5,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":35000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":13500,"max_amount":18500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":22000,"max_amount":34000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":true},"description":"La operación modifica las válvulas del corazón para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo, empleando técnicas mínimamente invasivas para una recuperación rápida.
"},"724":{"operation":{"name":"Implante transcatéter de válvula aórtica (TAVI)","alias":"transcatheter-aortic-valve-implantation-tavi","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":20500,"max_amount":26400,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":8,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"mixed","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":32000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":31000,"max_amount":42000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":30000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":true},"description":"El procedimiento reemplaza una válvula cardíaca defectuosa mediante un catéter, lo que reduce la invasión y el tiempo de recuperación.
"},"795":{"operation":{"name":"Reemplazo de la válvula aórtica","alias":"replacement-of-the-aortic-valve","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":13300,"max_amount":23300,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":11,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":33000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":25000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":33500,"max_amount":39000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":true,"ES":true},"description":"La operación sustituye una válvula cardíaca dañada por una sana, lo que mejora el flujo sanguíneo y la función cardíaca.
"},"1304":{"operation":{"name":"Reemplazo valvular en la edad pediátrica","alias":"pediatric-mitral-valve-replacement","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":12000,"max_amount":27000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":30000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":44700,"max_amount":55000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":true},"description":"La operación, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la salud del corazón, consiste en reemplazar la válvula mitral defectuosa de un niño y mejorar el flujo sanguíneo.
"},"1305":{"operation":{"name":"Reemplazo de válvula aórtica en niños","alias":"pediatric-aortic-valve-replacement","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":12000,"max_amount":26000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":28000,"max_amount":45000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":24000,"max_amount":38000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":38000,"max_amount":55000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":false},"description":"Esta operación reemplaza la válvula cardíaca dañada de un niño, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo y la función cardíaca en general.
"},"1306":{"operation":{"name":"Valvuloplastia","alias":"valvuloplasty","use_for_listing":true},"country_price":{"TR":{"amount":8000,"max_amount":15000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":1,"price_kind":"from_range","price_source":"tariff","scope":"country"},"MX":{"amount":14000,"max_amount":24000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"TH":{"amount":18000,"max_amount":30000,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"},"ES":{"amount":16500,"max_amount":24500,"currency":"USD","clinic_count":0,"price_kind":"estimate","price_source":"parsed","scope":"country"}},"available_clinics":{"TR":true,"MX":false,"TH":false,"ES":false},"description":"Esta terapia repara las válvulas del corazón, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo. Es mínimamente invasivo, menos riesgoso e implica una recuperación más rápida.
"}}},"videoReviews":[{"id":"060e46e2-3001-4a0b-9a89-a039c7a4be9f","link":"https://player.vimeo.com/video/1096287517?badge=0&autopause=0&player_id=0&app_id=58479","description":"El cirujano fue muy profesional y estoy muy satisfecha con el servicio internacional recibido.","userName":"Bonnie","user_name":"Bonnie","preview":"https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/2030318859-4149da1264ab2e89bcbb52dca6fcf6685e01331bf0759c5970d93bf471ada2b9-d?mw=600&mh=1067&q=70","updated_at":"2025-06-26T10:07:06.966+00:00","clinicName":"Centro Médico Teknon","clinic":{"name":"Centro Médico Teknon","alias":"teknon-medical-center"},"clinicUrl":"/clinic/teknon-medical-center/","relations":{"operations":[{"name":"Cirugía a corazón abierto","alias":"open-heart-surgery"},{"name":"Reemplazo de válvula cardíaca","alias":"heart-valve-replacement"}]}}],"hasVideoReviewsByContext":true,"updatedAt":"2026-11-12T04:00:10.647Z","activeCountries":["CO","ES","TR","MX","TH"],"operationIndicators":{"details":{"days_in_clinic":0,"days_in_country":0,"rehabilitation_days":0,"satisfied_percent":78,"treatment_duration_hours":0},"illness_kind_details":{"requests_processed":3049}},"direction":{"id":23,"name":"Cirugía cardíaca","alias":"heart-surgery","name_forms":{"base_form":"Cirugía cardíaca","form_4":"cirujano cardíaco","form_6":"cirujanos cardíacos","form_11":"cirujanos cardíacos"}},"illness_kind":{"id":23,"name":{"en":"Heart Surgery"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after open sternotomy surgery; physical jobs take longer. Transcatheter or minimally invasive approaches may be faster."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":15,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any major in-hospital complication, mostly atrial fibrillation; stroke 1-3%, re-operation for bleeding 2-5%, 30-day mortality 1-4%."},"contraindications":["Prohibitive surgical risk or very limited life expectancy (relative)","Active uncontrolled sepsis or systemic infection (unless treating endocarditis)","Severe irreversible end-organ failure making surgery unsurvivable","Cannot tolerate long-term anticoagulation (relative, mainly mechanical valves)","Severe frailty or advanced dementia (relative)","Valve disease not hemodynamically significant or asymptomatic without surgical criteria"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Uncomplicated open surgical valve replacement including 1-2 days in intensive care/step-down; longer if complications arise."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking early; moderate exercise, often via cardiac rehab, after sternal healing and clearance. Heavy lifting and contact sports later."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to stable symptom improvement and sternal healing; cardiac remodeling can continue longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated open surgery, once discharged, wound check, echocardiogram and stable anticoagulation or INR are done; surgeon clearance required."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early postoperative wound and clinical check, with anticoagulation monitoring as relevant."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Surgeon or cardiologist review with ECG and baseline echocardiography."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Follow-up echocardiography and cardiology review, then periodic lifelong surveillance."}}],"indications":["Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis unsuitable for repair or transcatheter treatment","Severe aortic or mitral regurgitation that is not repairable","Severe mitral stenosis unsuitable for balloon valvotomy","Valve disease causing heart failure, low ejection fraction, ventricular dilation","Infective endocarditis with valve destruction","Failed valve repair or degenerated bioprosthesis"],"main_risks":["Bleeding requiring re-operation","Stroke or thromboembolism","Atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias","Heart block requiring a pacemaker","Infection, including sternal wound infection or prosthetic valve endocarditis","Acute kidney injury","Valve-related complications such as thrombosis, paravalvular leak or structural deterioration","Anticoagulation-related bleeding with mechanical valves","Death"],"pain":"Moderate to significant chest wall pain for the first days to weeks after sternotomy, controlled with analgesia; it gradually eases over several weeks.","preparation":["Cardiology and cardiac surgical assessment including echocardiography","Coronary angiography or CT angiography when indicated","Blood tests, ECG and chest imaging","Dental and infection screening","Review of current medications with the surgical team","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Smoking cessation and optimization of other conditions","Discussion of valve type (mechanical vs. tissue) and anticoagulation implications"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Intensive care and hospital stay (days 0-10)","description":"Ventilator weaning, monitoring, drain and pacing wire removal, mobilization and early walking.","restrictions":["Sternal precautions","No driving"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Progressive walking, wound healing, fatigue gradually improving, anticoagulation monitoring as relevant.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting, pushing or pulling","No driving until cleared"]},{"phase":"Rehabilitation and return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Sternum largely healed; return to work and graded exercise, often with cardiac rehabilitation.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting or contact sports until full sternal healing"]},{"phase":"Long-term follow-up (3 months onward)","description":"Echocardiographic surveillance and ongoing valve care, including endocarditis prevention measures.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after open surgical replacement, with progressive walking and often cardiac rehabilitation."},"result_longevity":"Depends on valve type and patient factors: mechanical valves are durable but require lifelong anticoagulation, while tissue valves may degrade over time and sometimes need reintervention.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Valve reintervention within 10 years; higher for tissue valves in younger patients, lower for mechanical valves."},"scars":"Typically a midline sternotomy scar down the chest; minimally invasive approaches use smaller scars. Drain sites leave small marks.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"A single operation under one hospital admission."},"stages":[{"code":"valve_replacement_surgery","label":"Valve replacement operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Survival at 5 years after isolated surgical valve replacement","value":85,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults with isolated aortic or mitral valve replacement, elective, without major comorbidity","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Conventional open surgical valve replacement (median sternotomy)","suits_whom":"Most adults needing aortic or mitral valve replacement, especially with complex disease or combined procedures.","recovery":"Hospital stay about 5-10 nights; return to usual activity over about 6-12 weeks."},{"name":"Minimally invasive surgical replacement (mini-sternotomy or thoracotomy)","suits_whom":"Selected patients with suitable anatomy at experienced centers.","recovery":"May allow somewhat shorter recovery and smaller scar."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for one isolated valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass; excludes anesthesia preparation and ICU recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Recent echocardiogram report","Cardiologist report with valve diagnosis","Coronary angiography or cardiac CT report","Recent ECG report","Current medication list including anticoagulants","Recent blood test results including INR and creatinine"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay about 2-3 weeks including 5-10 hospital nights and early check before flying. Later follow-up done at home."},"clinic_checks":null,"red_flags":null,"warning_signs":null,"take_home":null,"alternatives":null,"technique_details":null}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=kolumbiya/city=kali/procedure=protezirovanie-serdechnogo-klapana/"}],"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"illnessesByOperation":[{"id":3224,"alias":"mitral-valve-prolapse","name":"Prolapso de la válvula mitral"},{"id":3225,"alias":"aortic-valve-insufficiency","name":"Insuficiencia de la válvula aórtica"}],"rendersOffersList":false}