DUS – Ortopedia y Cirugía Traumatológica es un centro especializado en Düsseldorf y Ratingen, Alemania. Se centra en el tratamiento de la columna vertebral, las prótesis articulares y la cirugía artroscópica. Un equipo de 26 médicos ofrece tratamientos tanto conservadores como quirúrgicos. Fundado en 2016, el centro ha crecido desde entonces hasta contar con varias sedes en la región. Sus principales especialidades son los tratamientos de cadera, rodilla y hombro en adultos.
Los médicos se especializan en soluciones para preservar las articulaciones, como los trasplantes de cartílago y menisco. Utilizan ecografías de alta resolución, radiografías digitales y guía radiológica móvil para las inyecciones. Entre las opciones regenerativas se incluyen la terapia con sangre autóloga y el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Para el tratamiento de la columna vertebral, el centro ofrece terapia del dolor guiada por imágenes y discectomía endoscópica. Los pacientes internacionales pueden solicitar segundas opiniones a distancia e informes médicos en inglés.
","text_type":"short_description","procedure_prices":[{"prices":{"price_from":505.57357084273406,"price_to":842.6226180712234,"currency":"USD","id":64506},"diagnostic":{"id":96,"name":"TC (tomografía computarizada)","alias":"ct"}},{"prices":{"price_from":730.2729356617269,"price_to":842.6226180712234,"currency":"USD","id":64505},"diagnostic":{"id":6,"name":"Resonancia magnética de un área","alias":"mri-one-department"}}],"reviews":[],"clinic":{"id":9973,"alias":"dus-orthopaedics-trauma-surgery","name":"Orthopaedics & Trauma Surgery","short_description":"DUS – Ortopedia y Cirugía Traumatológica es un centro especializado en Düsseldorf y Ratingen, Alemania. Se centra en el tratamiento de la columna vertebral, las prótesis articulares y la cirugía artroscópica. Un equipo de 26 médicos ofrece tratamientos tanto conservadores como quirúrgicos. Fundado en 2016, el centro ha crecido desde entonces hasta contar con varias sedes en la región. Sus principales especialidades son los tratamientos de cadera, rodilla y hombro en adultos.
Los médicos se especializan en soluciones para preservar las articulaciones, como los trasplantes de cartílago y menisco. Utilizan ecografías de alta resolución, radiografías digitales y guía radiológica móvil para las inyecciones. Entre las opciones regenerativas se incluyen la terapia con sangre autóloga y el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Para el tratamiento de la columna vertebral, el centro ofrece terapia del dolor guiada por imágenes y discectomía endoscópica. Los pacientes internacionales pueden solicitar segundas opiniones a distancia e informes médicos en inglés.
","images":[{"base_url":"clinic/6aec7b64b0003"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aec7b6683df8"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aec7b681906a"},{"base_url":"clinic/6aec7b696f90a"}],"flags":[{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false},{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"is_parsed_from_docs","value":true},{"name":"is_created_by_parser","value":true}],"geo":{"country":{"name":"Alemania","id":22,"alias":"germany","iso_code":"DE"},"city":{"name":"Düsseldorf","id":78,"alias":"dusseldorf"},"address":"Amsterdamer Straße 36, 40474 Düsseldorf, Germany"},"rating":{"rating":0,"google":4.5,"percent_of_satisfied_clients":0},"statistics":{"number_of_reviews":0,"doctors_number":26,"year_foundation":2016},"accreditations":[{"logo":"https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/bookimed/accreditations/5ceb725522d15.jpeg","name":"Certificación según DIN EN ISO 9001 por TÜV NORD CERT","country_code":"DE"}]}}],"meta":{"total_count":1,"total_pages":1}},"clinicsMeta":{"total_count":1,"total_pages":1},"clinicsCount":1,"clinicsCountByEntity":{"clinic_count":216},"doctors":{"doctors":[],"meta":{"total_count":0,"total_pages":1}},"reviews":{"reviews":[{"id":26246,"user":{"id":1057335,"name":"Gerard Patrick Muckian","country_code":"IE"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5}],"text":{"es":"Recuerdo claramente mi conversación con el cirujano. Lo que más me llamó la atención fue que fue sincero sobre los riesgos y las complicaciones, lo que marcó un tono de transparencia en todo el proceso de la implantación de mi derivación VP. Hasta ahora, mi recuperación está yendo más o menos como esperaba. El personal de la clínica me ha brindado todo su apoyo y se ha mantenido en contacto conmigo tras la intervención. También puedo confirmar que no hubo gastos adicionales aparte de lo presupuestado inicialmente. Todo se gestionó muy bien. El único consejo que daría a un futuro paciente sería que se llevara mucho material de lectura para el tiempo de reposo.","en":"I remember my conversation with the surgeon clearly. What stood out most was that he was honest about the risks and complications, which set a transparent tone for the entire process of getting my VP shunt. So far, I'm feeling about as expected in my recovery. The clinic staff has been supportive and they stayed in touch with me after the surgery. I can also confirm there were no additional expenses on top of what was originally quoted. Everything was handled well. My one piece of advice for a future patient would be to bring plenty of reading material for the downtime."},"order":{"operation":{"id":646,"name":{"es":"Cirugías de hidrocefalia, cirugías de derivación","en":"Hydrocephalus surgeries, shunt surgeries"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2026-07-11T12:11:15.416+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":true},{"name":"coordinator_mentioned","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"es":"Todo se gestionó correctamente.","en":"Everything was handled well."}}},{"id":3689,"user":{"id":2155,"name":"Ольга ","country_code":"UA","country_name":{"es":"Ucrania","en":"Ukraine"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":2},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":2},{"name":"relative_price","value":2}],"text":{"es":"Buena tarde. El 10 de abril de 2019 fue operada de espondeolistesis por los Drs. Buhl y Floe, una operación conjunta de un neurocirujano y un ortopedista. Los doctores son excelentes con manos de oro, en realidad por estos doctores se escogió esta clínica y por eso estamos muy agradecidos con la coordinadora Alena. La operación salió bien, la recuperación después de la operación, bajo la estrecha supervisión de médicos y fisioterapeutas, también salió bien. La clínica en sí está al nivel de una clínica privada promedio en Kiev en términos de conveniencia. El personal es atento y siempre dispuesto a ayudar. La habitación era espaciosa, limpia y luminosa. Estaba un poco molesto por el trabajo del departamento internacional, me dejaron firmar documentos en alemán sin una traducción en papel, al menos al inglés, ya guardo silencio sobre el idioma ruso. A veces, durante las consultas, se comunicaban con los médicos en alemán, sin traducir literalmente lo que hablaban. Pero a pesar de esto, Bookimed quedó muy satisfecho con la clínica, los médicos y la empresa, y puedo recomendar a los profesores Buhl y Floe.","en":"Good day. Operated on 10.04.2019 spondealistez at the doctors of Bul and Flo, joint operation of a neurosurgeon and an orthopedist. Doctors are beautiful with golden hands. Actually because of these doctors this clinic was chosen, and in this many thanks to the coordinator Alyona. The surgery went great, recovery after surgery, under the close supervision of doctors and physiotherapists, also went well. The clinic itself is on the level of convenience of an average private clinic in Kiev. The staff is attentive and always ready to help. The chamber was spacious, clean and bright. The work of the international department was a little upset, they were allowed to sign documents in German without a paper translation at least into English, I’m not talking about the Russian language. Sometimes they consulted with doctors in German, without literally translating what they were talking about. But despite this, I was very pleased with the clinic, the doctors and the company Bukibmed, and I can recommend the professors Buhl and Flo."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Espondilolistesis","en":"Spondylolisthesis"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-04-30T10:51:41.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"es":""Quedé muy satisfecho con la clínica, los médicos y la empresa Bukibmed, y puedo recomendar a los profesores Buhl y Flo".","en":"\"I was very pleased with the clinic, the doctors and the company Bukibmed, and I can recommend the professors Buhl and Flo.\""}}},{"id":5168,"user":{"id":12393,"name":"Viktoriia Solikha","country_code":"UA","country_name":{"es":"Ucrania","en":"Ukraine"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"relative_price","value":2}],"text":{"es":"Buenas noches estuve en la clínica para una consulta a principios de septiembre, el Dr. Buhl y el personal son muy educados, atentos, tranquilos, y lo que me sorprendió, no intentan ganar dinero con usted, sino que ofrecen opciones. Para reducir el costo del tratamiento y las pruebas, nadie trató de asustar o acelerar el proceso del tratamiento, sino que por el contrario, me explicaron los riesgos y los diferentes métodos de tratamiento, lo que me hizo feliz y me dio esperanza de una resolución favorable de mi problema. .","en":"Good evening !!! I was in the clinic for a consultation in early September. Dr. Bul and the staff are very polite, attentive, calm, and what is surprising, they are not trying to make money on you, but they offer options for cheaper treatment and testing. No one tried to scare or speed up the treatment process, but on the contrary, explained the risks and different methods of treatment, which encouraged and inspired hope for a favorable resolution of my problem."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Tumor cerebral","en":"Brain tumor"}}},"doctor_info":{"id":199,"name":"Ralf Buhl","alias":"ralf-buhl"},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-09-16T08:52:57.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"coordinator_mentioned","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"comment_about_bookimed":{"es":"Estoy completamente satisfecha, ya que respondieron todas las dudas planteadas, me coordinaron y acompañaron desde que fui a la clínica hasta que regresé a casa.","en":"I am completely satisfied, as they answered all the questions posed, coordinated and accompanied me from the moment I went to the clinic until I returned home."},"summary":{"positive":{"es":"- Nadie trató de asustar o acelerar el proceso de tratamiento, sino por el contrario, explicó los riesgos y diferentes métodos de tratamiento, lo que animó e inspiró la esperanza de una resolución favorable de mi problema.","en":"- No one tried to scare or speed up the treatment process, but on the contrary, explained the risks and different methods of treatment, which encouraged and inspired hope for a favorable resolution of my problem."}}},{"id":4120,"user":{"id":41499,"name":"Рауф ","country_code":"AZ","country_name":{"es":"Azerbaiyán","en":"Azerbaijan"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":5},{"name":"comfort","value":0},{"name":"coordination","value":0},{"name":"doctor","value":0},{"name":"manager","value":0},{"name":"personal","value":0},{"name":"translation","value":0},{"name":"relative_price","value":0}],"text":{"es":"Todo está bien, arreglaron una consulta remota para entender si es posible hacer la operación. Este formato es definitivamente necesario, muy útil. Puedo decir que los pacientes escriben todas sus preguntas con anticipación, para que no piensen en qué preguntarle al médico más adelante, también debe pensar de antemano qué es lo que básicamente quiere de la consulta y luego definitivamente será útil.","en":"Everything is fine, they arranged a remote consultation to understand whether it is possible to perform an operation. This format is definitely needed, very useful. I can say that the patients would write down all their questions in advance, so that later they would not think that they should ask the doctor, you also need to think in advance what you want in principle from the consultation and then it will definitely be useful."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Disco herniado","en":"Herniated disk"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":136,"name":"Nordwest Hospital","alias":"clinic-nordwest","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":false}]},"created_at":"2019-06-24T00:00:00.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":true},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":false},{"name":"would_recommend","value":false},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"es":"Puedo decir que los pacientes escribirían todas sus preguntas de antemano, para que luego no piensen que deben preguntarle al médico, también debe pensar de antemano lo que quiere en principio de la consulta y luego definitivamente será útil.","en":"I can say that the patients would write down all their questions in advance, so that later they would not think that they should ask the doctor, you also need to think in advance what you want in principle from the consultation and then it will definitely be useful."}}},{"id":6459,"user":{"id":164227,"name":"Валерий ","country_code":"UA","country_name":{"es":"Ucrania","en":"Ukraine"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":4},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"relative_price","value":2}],"text":{"es":"Hice una operación similar hace 20 años en Alemania, ahora definitivamente es mejor, ahora el período postoperatorio se ha reducido a un día y es menos doloroso. El hospital es bueno, habitación doble y condiciones cómodas. Hay una ducha en la habitación, lo cual es conveniente. Hablamos con Ralph Buhl, el médico antes de la operación. Después de la primera consulta, hubo incertidumbre sobre si operar o no. En este sentido, los médicos son cuidadosos y si existe el riesgo de una cirugía con complicaciones, pueden ofrecer inyecciones y fisioterapia, que es más económica y segura. Sin embargo, en mi caso, el médico revisó nuevamente la resonancia magnética y decidió operarme. El tratamiento es suficiente, no inyectan demasiado, dan analgésicos. En general todo bien, el postoperatorio es corto y de momento todo bien. Definitivamente no tendríamos tal resultado.","en":"I did a similar operation 20 years ago in Germany - now it’s definitely better, now the postoperative period has been reduced to a day and it is less painful. The hospital is good, double ward and the conditions are comfortable. There is a shower in the room, it’s convenient. We spoke with Ralph Bull, a doctor before the operation. After the first consultation, there remained uncertainty whether to do the operation or not. In this regard, doctors are careful and if there is a risk of surgery with complications, they can offer injections and physiotherapy, which is cheaper and safer. Nevertheless, in my case, the doctor once again reviewed the MRI and decided to do the operation. Adequate treatment, do not inject too much, gave pain medication. In general, everything is fine, the postoperative period is small and everything is good so far. We definitely would not have such a result."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Disco herniado","en":"Herniated disk"}}},"doctor_info":{"id":199,"name":"Ralf Buhl","alias":"ralf-buhl"},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2020-01-21T11:40:10.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"es":""Definitivamente no tendríamos tal resultado". Retorno: Sobre el médico: "Hablamos con Ralph Bull, un médico antes de la operación". Acerca de la clínica: "El hospital es bueno, doble sala y las condiciones son cómodas. Hay una ducha en la habitación, es conveniente". Sobre los resultados: “En general todo bien, el postoperatorio es pequeño y todo bien hasta el moment","en":"\"We definitely would not have such a result.\"Return: About the doctor: \"We spoke with Ralph Bull, a doctor before the operation.\" About the clinic: \"The hospital is good, double ward and the conditions are comfortable. There is a shower in the room, it’s convenient.\" About the results: \"In general, everything is fine, the postoperative period is small and everything is good so far.\" About the exp"}}},{"id":4745,"user":{"id":80678,"name":"Ihor Sushko","country_code":"UA","country_name":{"es":"Ucrania","en":"Ukraine"}},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":4},{"name":"comfort","value":5},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"doctor","value":5},{"name":"manager","value":5},{"name":"personal","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"relative_price","value":2}],"text":{"es":"En general, las impresiones son ciertamente positivas y no se pueden comparar con nuestra medicina. Y según las estadísticas del tratamiento de mi problema directamente, la efectividad es, por supuesto, mucho mayor. Por supuesto, es difícil con la barrera del idioma, a excepción de nuestras chicas en el centro internacional, no escuché ni una palabra de ruso en 7 días, por supuesto que fue difícil, pero en principio los traductores también ayudaron cuando estaba con ellos. . Aconsejo a todos mis amigos ahora Bookimed, siempre ayudarán.","en":"In general, the impressions are certainly positive, and it is impossible to compare with our medicine. And according to the statistics of the treatment of my problem itself, the effectiveness is of course much higher. Of course, it’s hard with the language barrier, except for our girls in the international center, I didn’t hear a Russian word in 7 days, it was certainly difficult, and in principle translators also helped when I was with them. I advise all friends now Bookimed will always help."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Disco herniado","en":"Herniated disk"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2019-08-09T07:13:40.000+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":true},{"name":"would_recommend","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"summary":{"positive":{"es":"Aconsejo a todos los amigos que ahora Bookimed siempre ayudará.","en":"I advise all friends now Bookimed will always help."}}},{"id":15069,"user":{"id":144928,"name":"Muhammad Seleem ","country_code":"KW"},"ratings":[{"name":"main","value":4},{"name":"relative_price","value":2},{"name":"doctor","value":4},{"name":"personal","value":3},{"name":"comfort","value":3},{"name":"coordination","value":5},{"name":"translation","value":5},{"name":"nps","value":6},{"name":"manager","value":5}],"text":{"es":"En general, la experiencia ha sido excelente. El único problema que tuve fue el retraso con el que recibo el informe médico.","en":"All in all, the experience was excellent. The only issue that I had was the delay that I am facing in receiving the doctor’s report."},"order":{"illness":{"name":{"es":"Tumor cerebral","en":"Brain tumor"}}},"clinic_info":{"id":268,"name":"Medical Center in Solingen","alias":"medical-center-in-solingen","flags":[{"name":"is_hide","value":false},{"name":"has_active_agencies","value":true}]},"created_at":"2024-04-25T13:05:22.409+00:00","flags":[{"name":"is_approved","value":true},{"name":"has_client_feedback","value":true},{"name":"is_anonymously","value":false},{"name":"would_recommend","value":false},{"name":"is_notification_sent","value":false},{"name":"deactivated_clinic","value":false}],"client_response":{"preview_to_review_text":{"es":"En general, la experiencia ha sido excelente. El único problema que tuve fue el retraso con el que recibo el informe médico.","en":"All in all, the experience was excellent. The only issue that I had was the delay that I am facing in receiving the doctor’s report."},"what_like_text":{"es":"Las instalaciones son buenas.","en":"The facility is good."},"what_not_like_text":{"es":"Retraso en la obtención del informe.","en":"Delay in getting the report."}},"summary":{"positive":{"es":"Considerándolo todo, la experiencia fue excelente.","en":"All in all, the experience was excellent."}}}],"meta":{"total_count":16,"total_pages":1}},"offers":{"cards":[],"metadata":{"total_count":0}},"listingTexts":{"entity_texts":{},"texts":{"txt_procedure_3_clinics":{"text":"Una discectomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico para extirpar total o parcialmente un disco intervertebral. La cirugía suele prescribirse para tratar una hernia discal y, en la mayoría de los casos, el disco se extirpa por completo.
En la práctica neuroquirúrgica mundial se utilizan los siguientes tipos de discectomía
La discectomía se prescribe para tales enfermedades
Contraindicaciones para la discectomía
Antes de la discectomía, el paciente se somete a un examen que incluye:
La duración de la operación es de 30 minutos a 2 horas, dependiendo del abordaje quirúrgico elegido por el médico (abierto, endoscópico.) Después de 6 horas, el paciente ya puede levantarse y caminar.
La hospitalización no supera los 3 días.
La discectomía se realiza bajo anestesia general. Dependiendo de la localización de la hernia intervertebral, la operación se realiza en las zonas de las regiones cervical, torácica o lumbar.
La discectomía la realiza un neurocirujano. Con una intervención abierta, realiza una incisión de hasta 10 cm, a través de la cual extrae el disco intervertebral dañado.
Si es necesario, el médico fija las vértebras con un armazón especial o sustituye el disco intervertebral por uno artificial.
La operación dura hasta 2 horas.
Durante los dos primeros meses tras la intervención, los médicos recomiendan llevar un corsé de sujeción.
La incisión para la microdiscectomía es de sólo 3 cm, y la duración total de la operación no supera 1,5 horas.
Para realizar una microdiscectomía endoscópica, los médicos utilizan anestesia local. La incisión no supera los 2 cm. La duración de la operación es inferior a media hora.
Después de cualquier tipo de discectomía, existe la posibilidad de desarrollar algunas complicaciones:
Para evitar tales consecuencias, es necesario elegir un neurocirujano cualificado y una clínica que disponga del equipamiento necesario. En nuestra web puedes encontrar centros médicos de todo el mundo que ofrecen el mejor tratamiento.
Para obtener asesoramiento sobre la elección de la mejor clínica en su caso particular y el coste exacto de la operación, deje una solicitud y un médico coordinador de Bookimed se pondrá en contacto con usted. Él responderá a todas las preguntas sobre la extirpación del disco intervertebral, te explicará qué declaraciones médicas necesitas para prepararte para ello. Después de que los médicos de la clínica elegida hayan revisado estos documentos, elaborarán un programa individual de diagnóstico y tratamiento con un coste exacto.
Si el programa de tratamiento recibido te conviene, el médico coordinador de Bookimed acuerda contigo las fechas del viaje y te escribe a la clínica seleccionada. Nuestro departamento asistencial le ayudará a elegir la mejor opción de alojamiento y billetes para el paciente y su acompañante.
Los costes de la cirugía de discectomía varían según el país.
\n\nNota: Estas cifras son aproximadas y pueden variar en función de las circunstancias individuales, la complejidad del procedimiento y los centros sanitarios. Es aconsejable consultar directamente con los profesionales sanitarios o las compañías de seguros de los respectivos países para obtener información más precisa y personalizada.
"},"guide_mc":{"text":"Día 1 - Llegada
Día 2 - Preoperatorio
Día 3 - Discectomía
Día 4 a 7 - Postoperatorio
Semana 1 a 2 - Rehabilitación
Semana 3 a 4 - Recuperación
Semana 5 en adelante
Nota: El programa anterior es una guía general. El proceso de recuperación de cada paciente puede variar según las condiciones de salud individuales.
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