El Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center se especializa en cirugía de melanoma con un equipo de oncología dedicado. El procedimiento puede costar entre 7.600 $ y 12.000 $. El centro es líder en investigación oncológica innovadora y protocolos de tratamiento.
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En el melanoma en estadio 0 y estadio I, la extirpación del tumor primario puede ser el único procedimiento necesario para una recuperación completa.Los principales tipos de operaciones realizadas para el melanoma:
La escisión amplia (excisión) implica la extirpación de la formación junto con algo de tejido sano alrededor de los bordes. El tumor se extirpa con un bisturí bajo anestesia local, haciendo una hendidura de 0,5-2 cm. El tamaño del margen quirúrgico depende del grosor (germinación) del melanoma en la profundidad de la piel.
Tras la eliminación de la formación, se aplica una sutura.
Grosor de la formación | Margen quirúrgico |
0,5 cm | |
menos de 1 mm | 1 cm |
de 2 a 4 mm | 2 cm |
más de 4 mm | 2 cm |
Si se encuentran células malignas en el ganglio centinela, se realiza una disección ganglionar ( linfadenectomía ) - extirpación de los ganglios linfáticos afectados.
La operación de Mohs consiste en la extirpación de la formación por etapas, por capas. Cada capa extirpada durante la operación se examina al microscopio para detectar células cancerosas. La siguiente capa se extirpa siempre que haya células tumorales en ella. Este método es suave y permite extirpar el tumor preservando al máximo la piel sana.
La cirugía de Mohs puede utilizarse para lesiones de la cara, donde una escisión amplia puede dejar un defecto estético no deseado. Muchos médicos recomiendan la cirugía de Mohs sólo para los cánceres de piel no melanoma.En caso de lesiones en las extremidades y germinación profunda del tumor, puede procederse a la amputación. En un esfuerzo por preservar la mayor cantidad de tejido posible, los médicos también ofrecen como alternativas la radioterapia y la quimioterapia local (perfusión aislada de las extremidades).
En los estadios 0 y I, el principal método de tratamiento es una escisión amplia.
En el estadio II, también se extirpa el tumor, pero es obligatorio realizar una biopsia del ganglio linfático centinela y, si está dañado, se practica una linfadenectomía.
En el melanoma en estadio III, se realiza una escisión amplia, se extirpan los ganglios linfáticos en los que se encontraron células malignas y se administra terapia farmacológica.
En el estadio IV (último), se procede a la extirpación del tumor primario siempre que sea posible. Para el tratamiento de las metástasis, la farmacoterapia y/o la radioterapia son obligatorias.
Para acelerar la cicatrización de una herida postoperatoria, es necesario seguir estrictamente las recomendaciones de un especialista:
El linfedema es la hinchazón e inflamación de las extremidades causada por el estancamiento de la linfa durante la extirpación quirúrgica de los ganglios linfáticos.
Los síntomas del linfedema son
El linfedema puede desarrollarse inmediatamente después de la disección de los ganglios linfáticos y después de mucho tiempo. Vigile atentamente el estado de su cuerpo e informe al médico de cualquier cambio.
Día 1 - Llegada
Día 2 - Preoperatorio
Día 3 - Cirugía
Día 4-7 - Postoperatorio
Semana 1-2 - Rehabilitación
Semana 3-6 - Rehabilitación
Tenga en cuenta que estos plazos pueden variar según las tasas de recuperación individuales y la complejidad de la cirugía.
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