Cita con el médico | precio a consultar |
Ablación por radiofrecuencia | $10000 - $18000 |
Cita con el médico | precio a consultar |
Ablación por radiofrecuencia | $10000 - $18000 |
Cita con el médico | precio a consultar |
Ablación por radiofrecuencia | $10000 - $18000 |
Cardiology
Fields of Study and Interests
• Interventional Cardiology
• Peripheral Artery Diseases
• Heart Valve Diseases
• Hypertension
• hyperlipidemia
• Heart failure
• Leg Vascular Diseases
Education
• Istanbul University Institute of Cardiology /Cardiology Specialization Training 2010,
Istanbul/Turkey
• Uludag University Faculty of Medicine /Medical Doctor Education 2005, Bursa/Turkey
Career
• Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Institute of Cardiology 2012-2021, Istanbul/Turkey
• Adıyaman 82nd Year State Hospital 2010-2012, Adıyaman/Turkey
Publications: Abacı Okay, Özkan Alev, Kocas Cüneyt, Çetinkal Gökhan, Karaca Osman Sükrü,
Baydar Onur, Kaya Aysem, Gürmen Azız Tevfik (2015). Impact of Rosuvastatin on Contrast-
Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients at High Risk for Nephropathy Undergoing Elective
Angiography. The American Journal of Cardiology, 115(7), 867-871., Doi:
10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.01.007
Mostrar másHe graduated from Ankara Başkent High School in 1992 and Gazi University Faculty of Medicine in 1999. She completed her specialty training at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and became a psychiatry specialist in 2005.
She has received Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Group Supervision training; Level I and II Family Therapies Training; Cognitive Psychotherapy Training; Family and Relationship Therapies Training and has articles published in local and foreign journals. Her field of interest is family and relationship therapies.
Mostrar másEducation:
Bachelor's Degree
PhD/Medical Specialty
Experience:
General Practitioner
Research Assistant Doctor
Specialist Doctor
Doctor Academic Staff
Specializations
Coronary Artery Diseases (Cardiovascular Occlusion, Heart Attack)
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia)
Heart Valve Diseases
Rhythm Disorders (Arrhythmias)
Coronary, Angiography and Intervention
Mostrar más
Medical Interests
Heart Rhythm Disorders
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Treatment of Rhythm Disorders with Catheter Ablation
Pacemakers
Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation with 3D mapping
Intra Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD)
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Interventional Cardiology
Coronary Angiography
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (Coronary Stent Applications)
Education
Marmara University Faculty of Medicine
Paris Institute of Cardiology (France)
Experience
Liv Hospital Vadi Istanbul
Marmara University Training and Research Hospital
Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier Hospital (Paris)
Royal Brampton & Harefield Hospital (London)
Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital
Membership
European Rhythm Disorders Association Türkiye Representative
Full Member of Turkish Cardiology Association
Member of the European Society of Cardiology
Mostrar másBirth Date: 22-11-1973
Place of Birth: Hatay-Turkey
Medical Faculty: Marmara University Medical Faculty(1990-1997 )
Cardiology fellowship:Istanbul University Institution of Cardiology:(1998-2003)
Associate Proffesor of cardiology: 2002
Proffessor of Cardiology:2017
Previous Positions
Istanbul University Institution of Cardiology:Fellow of cardiology 1998-2003
Cardiologist : Kastamonu Şerife Bacı State Hospital 2004-2007
Cardiologist: Istanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital 2007- 2012
Associate Proffesor of cardiology: Istanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital 2012-2013
Head of Cardiology Department: University of Health Sciences ,Istanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital 2013-2024
Current Position
Dırector of Cardiology departemant : Medipol University Acıbadem District Hospital 2024--
Memberships :
Turkish Society of Cardiology,(Vice president and president of Scientific comitee), European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society, American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, Former president of Turcic world Cardiology Association,
Academic Interests:
Interventional Cardiology, Structural Heart Disease, Heart failure,
Mostrar másSpecialization : Cardiology
Foreign Language : English
Date of Birth: 09.03.1977
Areas of expertise :
Research Assistant Dr. | Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 1999-2004 |
Specialist Dr. | Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 2004-2005 |
Assist.Prof.Dr. | Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 2005-2012 |
Associate Professor. | Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 2012-2019 |
Prof. dr. | Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 2019-2020 |
Prof. dr. | Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology | 2020- |
Experience:
Certifications Obtained: Coronary intervention (Okayama-Japan), Pulmonary balloon angioplasty (Okayama-Japan), peripheral angioplasty (okayama-japan/lepzing-germany), EVAR-TEVAR training (lepzing-Germany), Pacemaker training
Medical Specialization Thesis Title: ² PREDICTIONARY VALUE OF AVERAGE THROMBOCYTE VOLUME VALUES BEFORE AND AFTER THE PROCEDURE IN PATIENTS APPLIED WITH CORONARY STENT".
Memberships:
Your Content
Article, Presentation, Publication, Congress, Course, Award:
WORKS
A. PUBLICATIONS-RESEARCH ARTICLE, REVIEW AND CASE REPORT
AA. Articles published in international peer-reviewed journals:
AA1. Agacdiken A., Vural A., Ural D., Sahin T., Kozdag G., Kahraman G., Bildirici U. , Ural E., Komsuoglu B. “Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Pattern in Responder and Non-responder Patients”, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol., 28, 654-60 (2005).
AA2. Kahraman G., Bildirici U., Ural E., Komsuoglu B. “Asymptomatic single coronary artery in patient with severe peripheral artery disease”, Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 23, 273-6 (2007).
AA3. Ural E., Bildirici U. , Kahraman G., Komsuoğlu B. “Coronary embolism complicating aortic valve endocarditis: treatment with successful coronary angioplasty”, Int J Cardiol., 119, 377-9 (2007).
AA4. Sahin T., Bildirici U. , Kandemir C., Celikyurt U., Ural D., Komsuoglu B. “Infective Endocarditis in the Setting of Infundibular-Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis with Incomplete Cor Triatriatum Dextrum and Patent Foramen Ovale”, Int J Cardiol . , 127, 129-31 (2008).
AA5. Sahin T., Bildirici U. , Celikyurt U., Tantan A., Kilic T. “ Interventricular Septal Perforation as a Rare Complication of Temporary Transvenous Pacemaker” , Anadolu Kardiyol Journal, 8, 34-5 (2008).
AA6. Bildirici U. , Vural A., Agacdiken A., Sahin T., Celikyurt U., Kilic T., Ural D. “ Comparison of the Effects of Left vs. Right Ventricular Pacing on Left Ventricular Remodelling” , Europace, 10, 1387-91 (2008).
AA7. Bildirici U. , Agacdiken A., Ural E., Kahraman G., Komsuoglu B. “Two cases with similar pseudoaneurysms but different outcomes”, Clin Cardiol., 32, 60-2 (2009).
AA8. Sahin T., Kilic T., Celikyurt U., Aygun F., Bildirici U. , Agacdiken A. “ Asymptomatic Malposition of Pacemaker Lead Associated with Thrombus ”, Clin Res Cardiol., 98, 71-3 (2009).
AA9. Sahin T., Ural D., Kilic T., Bildirici U. , Kozdag G., Agacdiken A., Ural E. “ Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Functions According to Different Etiologies of Atrial Fibrillation with a Tissue Doppler Imaging Technique by Using Transesophageal Echocardiography ”, Echocardiography, 26, 171-81 (2009).
AA10. Bildirici U. , Celikyurt U., Ural E. “Essential thrombocythemia: a case of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a young female,” Clin Cardiol., 32, 104-5 (2009).
AA11 . Bildirici U. , Celikyurt U., Ural E., Sahin T., Vural A., Koz C., Ural D. “ Successful Percutaneous Intervention to Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting with Typical Chest Pain in Transplanted Heart” , Circ J., 73 , 2166-8 (2009).
AA12. Ural E., Bildirici U. , Celikyurt U., Kılıc T., Sahin T., Acar E., Kahraman G., Ural D. “Long Term Prognosis of Noninterventionally Followed Patients with Isolated Myocardial Bridge and Severe Systolic Compression of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery,” Clin Cardiol., 32, 454-7 (2009).
AA13. Kilic T., Oner G., Ural E., Yumuk Z., Sahin T., Bildirici U. , Acar E., Celikyurt U., Kozdag G., Ural D. “ Comparison of the long-term prognostic value of Cystatin C to other indicators of renal function, markers of inflammation and systolic dysfunction among patients with acute coronary syndrome ”, Atherosclerosis, 207, 552-8 (2009).
AA14. Sahin T., Bildirici U. , Celikyurt U., Sevinç S., Uygun K., Ural D. “ Direct invasion of non-small cell lung cancer metastases to the right heart” , Anadolu Kardiyol Journal, 9, 10-1 (2009).
AA15. Kilic T., Ural E., Oner G., Sahin T., Kilic M., Yavuz S., Kanko M., Kahraman G., Bildirici U. , Berki KT., Ural D. “Which cut-off value of high sensitivity C- reactive protein is more valuable for determining long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome?”, Anadolu Kardiyol Journal, 9, 280-9 (2009).
AA16. Sahin T., Kilic T., Celikyurt U., Bildirici U. , Ural D. “Persistent left superior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in an old asymptomatic female patient", Cardiology Research and Practice, 2009, Article ID 152164, 2 pages, (2009).
AA17. Kozdağ G., Ertaş G., Kiliç T., Acar E., Ağir A., Sahin T., Cetin M., Bildirici U. , Ural D. “Elevated level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is important in determining prognosis in chronic heart failure”, Med Sci Monit., 16, 156-61 (2010).
AA18. Kozdağ G., Ertaş G., Sahin T., Kiliç T., Ağaçdiken A., Bildirici U. , Vural A., Ural D. “Dilated cardiomyopathy, spontaneous echo contrast in the aorta and embolic events”, Acta Cardiol., 65, 9-14 (2010).
AA19. Sahin T., Ural D., Kilic T., Bildirici U. , Kozdag G., Agacdiken A., Ural E. “Right atrial appendage function in different etiologies of permanent atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging study”, Echocardiography, 27, 384-93 (2010).
AA20. Bildirici U. , Ural D., Acar E., Agacdiken A., Ural E. “Diagnostic value of poor R-wave progression in electrocardiograms for diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic patients”, Clin Cardiol., 33, 559-64 ( 2010).
AA21. Bildirici U. , Kılıç T., Ural D., Bulut O., Ural E. “Combined Congenital Coronary Artery Anomaly: Dual Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery and Absence of Left Circumflex Artery”, Anadolu Kardiyol Journal, 11, 180-1 (2010).
AA22. Bildirici U. , Ural E., Kilic T., Aygun F., Acar E., Sahin T., Cekmen M., Ural D. “Association between documented coronary artery disease and urinary albumin, albumin to creatinine ratio”, Med Sci Monit., 16, 545-8 (2010).
AA23. Bildirici U , Celikyurt U, Ural D, Agacdiken A, Catakoglu B, Bulut O, Ural E. Brain natriuretic peptide and tumor markers in the diagnosis of non-malignant pericardial effusion. IntJ Cardiol. 2011 Feb 3;146(3):481-3.
AA24. Kozdağ G, Yaymacı M, İşeri P, Ertaş G, Emre E, Bildirici U , Kılıç T, Ural D. “ Ischemic stroke history predicts increased cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure. ” Anadolu Kardiyol Journal. 2011 Aug;11(5):421-7
AA25. Acar E, Ural D, Bildirici U , Sahin T, Yılmaz I. “ Diabetic cardiomyopathy. ” Anadolu Kardiyol Journal. 2011 Dec;11(8):732-7.
AA26. Bildirici U , Celikyurt U, Acar E, Bulut O, Sahin T, Kozdag G, Ural D. “ The value of serum tumor markers in the prediction of aetiology and follow up of patients with pericardial effusion. ” Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012 Apr;23(3):143-6.
AA27. Sahin T, Celikyurt U, Geyik B, Oner G, Kilic T, Bildirici U , Kozdag G, Ural D. “ Relationship between endothelial functions and acetylsalicylic acid resistance in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Clin Cardiol. 2012 Dec;35(12):755-63.
AA28. Sahin T, Bozyel S, Acar E, Bildirici U , Yavuz S, Baris O, Ural E, Ural D. “ A young patient with coronary artery anomaly, whose left anterior descending artery originated from the pulmonary artery, underwent cardiac arrest. ” Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012 Sep 12;23(8):e15-8.
AA29. Emre E, Ural E, Kahraman G, Bildirici U , Kilic T, Bozyel S, Onuk R, Akbulut T, Ural D. “ Effect of thrombus aspiration on postprocedural outcomes in elderly patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. ” Geriatric Gerontol Int. 2016 Jun;16(6):722-8.
AA30. Bildirici U , Celikyurt U, Yavuz S, Dervis E, Adina Q, Ural D. “ Early Thrombosuction and Tirofiban Use in Knee and Below-Knee Arterial Thrombosis .” Med Sci Monit., 2017 Apr 30;23:2072-2077.
AA31 . Notifier U , Aktas M, Dervis E, Çelikyurt U.” Mid-Term Outcomes of Stent Overlap in Long Total Occluded Lesions of Superficial Femoral Artery .” Med SciMonit . 2017 Jun 26;23:30-3135.
AA32. Karauzum K, Bildirici U , Dervis E, Karauzum I, Baydemir C. Preprocedural Mean Platelet Volume Level Is a Predictor of In-Stent Restenosis of the Superficial Femoral Artery Stents in Follow-Up. Cardiol Res Pract. 2018 Apr 1;2018:4572629. doi: 10.1155/2018/4572629 .
AA33. Emre E., Ural E., Aktaş M., Kahraman G., Bildirici U., Kılıç T., Akay K.,Çekirdekçi E., Şahin T., Ural D. The Existence of Obesity Paradox and Effect of Obesity on In -Hospital-Outcomes on Elderly Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. doi; j.ijge.2017.07.008 . International journal of gerontology. Volume 12, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 17-21
AA34. Karauzum K, Karauzum I, Kilic T, Sahin T, Baydemir C, Baris Argun S, Celikyurt U, Bildirici U , Agir A. Bendopnea and Its Clinical Importance in Outpatient Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2018 Nov;34(6):518-525. doi: 10.6515/ACS.201811_34(6).20180528A
AA35. Reporter IHU, Acar B, Karauzum K, Torun A. Recanalization of totally occluded stent of superficial femoral artery with multiple direct stent puncture. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2019 Jul 26. pii: S1553-8389(19)30468-3. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.07.026.
AA36. Cengiz B, Aytekin V, Bildirici U , Sahin ST, Yurdakul S, Aytekin S, Kucukkaya R. A rare cause of acute coronary syndromes in young adults - myeloproliferative neoplasms: A case series. Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2019 Sep;38(9):613-617. doi:10.1016/j.repc.2018.09.014. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
AA37. Karauzum I, Karauzum K, Acar B, Hanci K, Bildirici U, Kilic T, Ural E. Predictive value of lymphocyte- to-monocyte ratio in patients with contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL INTERNAL MEDICINE / APR-JUN 2021 / VOL 9 | ISSUE 2
EU. Articles published in national peer-reviewed journals:
EU 1 . Ural E., Bildirici U. , Kahraman G., Pehlivan S., Ural D., Komsuoğlu B. “Myocardial infarction due to control effort test after coronary angioplasty”, Turkish Journal of Interventional Cardiology , 3, 147-149 (2002) .
AB 2. Ağaçdiken A., Bildirici U. , Vural A., Ural D., Kozdağ G., Birand A., Komsuoğlu B. “Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and heart rate turbulence in patients with diabetes mellitus”, Turkish Journal of Interventional Electrophysiology , 2, 29-33 (2005).
AB 3. Şahin T., Baytuğan ZN, Ağaçdiken A., Kozdağ G., Ural D., Kahraman G., Kılıç T., Bildirici U. , Komsuoglu B. “Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Vascular Structure and Endothelial Functions” ', Turkish Journal of Interventional Cardiology , 9, 128-134 (2005).
AB 4. Öner E., Vural A., Agacdiken A., Kahraman G., Kılıç T., Bildirici U. , Ural D., Komsuoglu B. “Clinical and electrophysiological features of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with complete left bundle branch block”, Turkish Journal of Interventional Electrophysiology , 3, 130-136 (2005).
AB 5. Şahin, T., Boyacı A., Kılıç T., Bildirici U. , Kahraman G., Kozdağ G., Ağaçdiken A., Ural D., B. Komsuoglu. “Comparison of the Effects of Ischemic and Nonischemic Advanced Mitral Regurgitation on Diastolic Functions Using Different Echocardiographic Parameters”, İÜ. Cardiology Institute Der , 2, 22-28 (2006).
AB 6. Bildirici U. , Ural E. “General Approach to the Patient: History, Physical Examination and Diagnostic Methods”, Turkish Cardiology Seminars , 1, 4-16 (2006).
AB 7. Bildirici U. , Vural A., Komsuoğlu B. “Arrhythmia in Non-cardiac Surgery”, Turkish Cardiology Seminars , 1, 93-104 (2006).
EU 8 . Şahin, T., Baytuğan ZN, Ağaçdiken A., Kozdağ G., Ural D., Kahraman G., Kılıç T., Bildirici U. , Komsuoglu B. “Evaluation of the Effects of Exercise and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Left Ventricular Structure and Diastolic Functions ”, IU. Der of Institute of Cardiology , 4, 18-25 (2006).
AB 9. Komsuoğlu B., Bildirici U. , Acar E. “Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease” Medical Network , 11, 30-37 (2007).
AB 10. Kozdağ G., Ural D., Çetin M., Kılıç T., Şahin T., Ağaçdiken A., Bildirici U. , Vural A., Komsuoğlu B. “ Advanced Mitral Insufficiency Atrial Thrombogenesis and Thromboembolic Events in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Are they obstacles? ”, MN Cardiology , 16, 19-25 (2009).
AB 11. Şahin T., Kılıç T., Çelikyurt UY, Bildirici U. “Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum”, Turkish Society of Cardiology Research, 37, 187-189 (2009).
AB 12. Kandemir C., Şahin T. , H. Cakmak, Bildirici U. “Case images: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (Loeffler endocarditis)”, Turkish Society of Cardiology Ars, 37, 360 (2009).
AB 13. Bildirici U. , Kozdağ G., Kılıç T., Ural D., Şahin T., Ağaçdiken Ağır A., Ural E. “The Effect of Echocardiographic Characteristics on the Degree of Left Atrial Spontaneous Echocontrast in Patients with Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Sinus Rhythm”, MN Cardiology , 17, 160-165 (2010).
AB 14. Acar E., Şahin T., Bildirici U. , Kılıç T., Kozdağ G., Ural D. “Mechanical Prosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis in Pregnancy”, MN Cardiology , 17, 393-397 (2010).
AB 15. Halli K., Şahin T., Bildirici U. , Ural D. “Right Atrial Appendix Thrombus Caused by Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism”, MN Cardiology , 17, 253-254 (2010).
AB 16. Sahin T, Kozdag G, Bildirici U , Ural D. “Case images: Cor triatriatum sinister and secundum atrial septal defect in a young patient. ” Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2011 Jan;39(1):89.
AB 17. Karaüzüm K, Karaüzüm İ., Bildirici U. Direct stent puncture technique for recanalization of superficial femoral artery in-stent occlusion
doi: 10.5543/tkda.2018.57373 Pages 144 - 147
C. CITATIONS (Researched from Google Academic and Web of science citations
C1. Agacdiken A., Vural A., Ural D., Sahin T., Kozdag G., Kahraman G., Bildirici U. , Ural E., Komsuoglu B. “Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Pattern in Responder and Non-responder Patients”, Pacing Clin Electrophysiol., 28, 654-60 (2005).
Eduardo Arrais; Moreira Pereira, Francisca Tatiana; Abreu, Jose Sebastião; et al. Echocardiographic Predictors of Worse Outcome After CardiacResynchronization Therapy. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CARDIOLOGIA Volume: 105 Issue: 6 Pages: 552-559 2015
Viviane Tiemi; Martinelli Filho, Martino; Mathias, Wilson, Jr.; et al. New Equation for Prediction of Reverse Remodeling after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES Volume: 29 Issue: 6 Pages: 678-687 2012
Gregory F. Egnaczyk, Eugene S. Chung, The Relationship Between Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Diastolic Function. Current Heart Failure Reports 2014, Volume 11, Issue 1 , pp 64–69
C2. Kahraman G., Bildirici U., Ural E., Komsuoglu B. “Asymptomatic single coronary artery in patient with severe peripheral artery disease”, Int J Cardiovasc Imaging., 23, 273-6 (2007).
van de Sandt, Femke M.; Riezebos, Robert K.; van der Hulst, Victor PM Ramus Circumflexissimus-A Rare Coronary Anomaly Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. Congenital Heart Disease Volume: 8 Issue: 6 Pages: 576-578 2013
C3. Ural E., Bildirici U. , Kahraman G., Komsuoğlu B. “Coronary embolism complicating aortic valve endocarditis: treatment with successful coronary angioplasty”, Int J Cardiol., 119, 377-9 (2007).
Winkler, Jonathan; Chaudhry, Sunit-Preet; Stockwell, Philip H. Gemella Endocarditis Presenting as an ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Pages: 258-260 2016
Rischin, Adam P.; Carrillo, Philip; Layland, Jamie. Multi-embolic ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Aortic Valve Endocarditis. HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: E1-E3 2015
Tiong, Ing S.; Williams, Michael JA; Perez, David J. Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Aspiration Thrombectomy HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION Volume: 22 Issue: 5 Pages: 386-389 2013
Yeoh, Joey; Sun, Tina; Hobbs, Mark; et al. An Uncommon Complication of Infective Bacterial Endocarditis HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION Volume: 21 Issue: 12 Pages: 811-814 DEC 2012
Htwe, Tin Han; Khardori, Nancy Misri. Cardiac Emergencies Infective Endocarditis, Pericarditis, and Myocarditis MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Volume: 96 Issue: 6 Pages: 1149-+ NOV 2012
Overend, Louise; Rose, Edward. Uncertainties in managing myocardial infarction associated with infective endocarditis. EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 144-145 FAL 2012
Courand, Pierre-Yves; Mouly-Bertin, Carine; Thomson, Vivien; et al. Acute coronary syndrome revealed Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 216-221 MAR 2012
Yeoh, Joey; Sun, Tina; Hobbs, Mark; et al. An Uncommon Complication of Infective Bacterial Endocarditis. HEART LUNG AND CIRCULATION Volume: 21 Issue: 12 Pages: 811-814 DEC 2012
Y Messaoudi - Mécanisme inhabituel d'infarctus de myocarde au cours d'une endocardite infectieuse La Presse Médicale , 2019 – Elsevier
Murtaza, Ghulam ; Rahman, Ziaur ; Sitwala, Puja ; et al. Case of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in infective endocarditis-management with intra coronary stenting. CLINICS AND PRACTICE Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 78-80 Published: 2017
Pavani, Marco ; Conrotto, Federico ; D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio ; et al. Left main occlusion secondary to infectious endocarditis vegetation: "The unusual suspect" . CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE Volume: 18 Issue: 5 Pages: 367-368 Published: JUL-AUG 2017
Messaoudi, Yosra . Unusual mechanism of myocardial infarction in infective endocarditis . PRESSE MEDICALE Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Pages: 82-84 Part: 1 Published: JAN 2019
C4. Sahin T., Bildirici U. , Kandemir C., Celikyurt U., Ural D., Komsuoglu B. “Infective Endocarditis in the Setting of Infundibular-Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis with Incomplete Cor Triatriatum Dextrum and Patent Foramen Ovale”, Int J Cardiol . , 127, 129-31 (2008)
Yuan, Shi-Min. Right-sided infective endocarditis: recent epidemiologic changes INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 199-218 Published: 2014
C5. Bildirici U. , Vural A., Agacdiken A., Sahin T., Celikyurt U., Kilic T., Ural D. “ Comparison of the Effects of Left vs. Right Ventricular Pacing on Left Ventricular Remodelling” , Europace, 10, 1387-91 (2008)
Mitov, Vladimir The influence of pace maker lead positioning on left ventricle function in patients with permanent antibradicardiac pacemaker stimulation. 2014 National Repository of Dissertations in Serbia
I. Matthaios, A. Kaladaridou, E. Skaltsiotes, J. Agrios, A. Antoniou, G. Georgiopoulos, E. Papadopoulou, C. Pamboucas, S. Toumanidis. Acute Haemodynamic and Echocardiographic Effects of Multiple Configurations of Left Ventricular Pacing Sites in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Experimental Study Heart, Lung and Circulation . 2016
C6. Sahin T., Kilic T., Celikyurt U., Aygun F., Bildirici U. , Agacdiken A. “ Asymptomatic Malposition of Pacemaker Lead Associated with Thrombus “, Clin Res Cardiol., 98, 71-3 (2009)
Mostrar másSpecializations
Coronary Artery Diseases (Cardiovascular Occlusion, Heart Attack)
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia)
Heart Valve Diseases
Rhythm Disorders (Arrhythmias)
Coronary, Angiography and Intervention
Mostrar más
Specializations
Coronary Artery Diseases (Cardiovascular Occlusion, Heart Attack)
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia)
Heart Valve Diseases
Rhythm Disorders (Arrhythmias)
Heart failure
Leg Vascular Diseases
Cervical Vascular Diseases
Mostrar más
Cardiology Department
Education and Specialty:
2003 - Medical Education, School of Medicine, Çukurova University
2009 – Specialty, School of Medicine, Uludağ University
2015- Associate Professor, Adana Training and Research Hospital
Experience:
2012 - 2015 – Head of Educational and Administrative Affairs, ENT Clinic, Haseki Training and Research Hospital (3 years)
2009 – 2011, Conscription, Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital, Bursa
2011-2013 Bursa State Hospital
2013-2015 Seyhan Practice Hospital, Adana Training and Research Hospital
2015-2016 Head of Department of Cardiology, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital
February 2016 – July 2019, Head of Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Biruni University.
Fields of Specialties:
Complex Coronary Interventions
Complex Peripheral Interventions
Pacemaker Procedures
Electrophysiological Study and Ablation
Heart Valve Interventions (TAVI, Mitraclip, Mitral Balloon)
Certificates:
Board Certificate, European Society of Cardiology
Board Certificate, Turkish Society of Cardiology
Professional Memberships- Number Insignificant:
1. European Society of Cardiology
2. Turkish Society of Cardiology
3. Member of Istanbul Medical Chamber
Personal motto: Your heart is entrusted to us
Researches and Articles:
Articles published in international peer-review journals:
1. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Koyunsever NY, Seker T, Türkoglu C, Kaypakli O, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Cayli M. Mean platelet volume is independently associated with renal dysfunction in stable coronary artery disease. Platelets (ISI). 2013 Jun; 25(4):274-278. doi: 10.3109/09537104.2013.805406. Epub 2013 Jun 17
A2. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Yildirim A, Börekçi A, Gözükara MY, Seker T, Kaypakli O, Türkoglu C, Ozaltun B, Akyol S, Harbalioglu H, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Cayli M. Increased Aortic Stiffness Predicts Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology (ISI). 2014 Oct;65(9):806-11. doi: 10.1177/0003319713504126. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
A3. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Kivrak A, Koyunsever NY, Seker T, Akilli RE, Türkoglu C, Kaypakli O, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Tanboga HI, Cayli M. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with different left ventricle geometry. Blood Pressure (ISI). 2014 Aug;23(4):240-7. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2013.840429. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
A4. *Uçar H*, Mustafa Gür M, Gözükara MY, Kıvrak A, Kolcu Z, Akyol S, Kaypaklı O, Elbasan Z, Sahin DY, Türkoglu C, Seker T, Çaylı M. Relationship between mean platelet volume and morning blood pressure surge in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology (ISI). 2014 Apr 8. doi: 10.5152/akd.2014.5196. [Epub ahead of print].
A5. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Seker T, Kaypaklı O, Elbasan Z, Koyunsever NY, Türkoglu C, Özaltun B, Kuloglu O, Kalkan GY, Sahin DY, Çaylı M. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T is Associated with SYNTAX Score and Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology , 2013 Jun; 4(9):1-5. doi: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000263
A6. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Gözükara MY, Kalkan GY, Baykan AO, Türkoğlu C, Kaypakl O, Seker T, Sen O, Selek S, Cayl M. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity is Independently associated with oxidative stress rather than SYNTAX score. Scand J Clin Lab Invest (ISI). 2014 Sep 2:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
A7. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Börrekçi A, Yıldırım A, Baykan AO, Kalkan GY,Koç M, Şeker T, Coşkun M, Şen Ö, Çaylı M. Relationship between extent and complexity of coronary artery disease and different left ventricular geometric patterns in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology (ISI). DOI:10.5152/akd.2014.5747
A8. Çaylı M, Elbasan Z, Gür M, Şeker T, *Uçar H*, Kuloğlu O, Şen O, Şahin DY, Yüksel Kalkan G. Modified flower petal technique in the treatment of isolated ostial left main and non-left main bifurcation lesions. Eurointervention. Accepted 2014 Oct. 20140324-02-R2
A9. Baykan AO, Yüksel Kalkan G, Gür M, *Uçar H*, Acele A, Seker T, Sen O, Kaypakli O, Harbalioğlu H, Cayli M. Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve in Patients with Ascending Aorta Aneurysm. Echocardiography (ISI). 2014 Oct 7. doi: 10.1111/echo.12782. [Epub ahead of print]
A10. Şeker T, Gür M, *Uçar H*, Türkoğlu C, Baykan AO, Özaltun B, Harbalıoğlu H, Kalkan GY, Kaypaklı O, Kuloğlu O, Şen Ö, Koç M, Çaylı M. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with impaired myocardial performance and left ventricle hypertrophy in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology (ISI). DOI:10.5152/akd.2014.5637
A11. Gözükara MY, Börekçi A, Gür M, Aksoy N, Seker T, Kaypaklı O, *Uçar H*, Türkoğlu C, Koç M, Makca I, Akyol S, Selek S, Caylı M. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Activity is Associated With Both Paraoxonase Activity and Aortic Stiffness in Hypertensive Patients. J Clin Lab Anal (ISI). 2014 Aug 17. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21785. [Epub ahead of print]
A12. Kalkan GY, Gür M, Baykan AO, *Uçar H*, Elbasan Z, Şahin DY, Koç M, Börekçi A, Çaylı M. Mean platelet volume is associated with aortic intima-media thickness in patients without clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology (ISI). DOI:10.5152/akd.2014.5576
A13. Gür M, Türkoglu C, Taskın A, *Uçar H*, Börekçi A, Seker T, Gözükara MY, Kaypaklı O, Akyol S, Selek S, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Çayli M. Paraoxonase 1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with and without no-reflow. Atherosclerosis (ISI). 2014 Jun;234(2):415-20. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.005. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
A14. Sahin DY, Gür M, Elbasan Z, Kırım S, *Uçar H*, Seker T, Kaypaklı O, Uysal OK, Kıvrak A, Koyunsever NY, Akıllı RE, Caylı M. NT-proBNP predicts impaired myocardial function in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (ISI). 2014;36(5):289-94. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2013.810234. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
A15. Caylı M, Gür M, Kalkan GY, Elbasan Z, Sahin DY, Koyunsever NY, Türkoglu C, Seker T, Kaypaklı O, Harbalıoglu H, Uçar. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity: Relationship with thoracic aortic intima media thickness and inflammation. Herz (ISI). 2014 Sep;39(6):761-766. Epub 2013 Aug 11.
A16. Çaylı M, Gür M, Elbasan Z, Seker T, Türkoglu C, Kaypaklı O, Sahin DY, *Uçar H*, Kıvrak A, Koyunsever NY, Sen Ö. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T predicts nondipper hypertension in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) (ISI). 2013 Oct;15(10):731- 6. doi: 10.1111/jch.12176. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
A17. Kalkan GY, Gür M, Baykan AO, Koyunsever NY, Kaypakli O, Sen O, Kuloglu O, Seker T, *Uçar H*, Akyol S, Elbasan Z, Sahin DY, Çayli M. Serum bilirubin level and aortic intima-media thickness in patients without clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Angiology (ISI). 2014 Apr;65(4):308-12. doi: 10.1177/0003319713507627. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
A18. Gür M, *Uçar H*, Kuloglu O, Kıvrak A, Seker T, Türkoglu C, Ozaltun B, Kaypaklı O, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Tanboga HI, Caylı M. Estimated glomerular filtration rate is associated with both arterial stiffness and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (ISI). 2014;36(6):374-9. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2013.827703. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
A19. Gür M, Caylı M, *Uçar H*, Elbasan Z, Sahin DY, Gözükara MY, Selek S, Koyunsever NY, Seker T, Türkoglu C, Kaypaklı O, Aksoy N. Paraoxonase (PON1) activity in patients with subclinical thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging (ISI). 2014 Jun;30(5):889-95. doi: 10.1007/s10554-014-0407-y. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
A20. Budak YU, Huysal K, Polat M, Tarakçi G, *Uçar H*. Evaluation of the Steelex M600H coagulometer prothrombin time-international normalized ratio assay with Steelex test reagents. Biochem Med (Zagreb) (ISI). 2012 Jan; 22: 121-126 pp.
A21. Seker T, Türkoglu C, *Uçar H*, Gür M, Sahin DY, Caylı M. Treatment of totally occluded aortic coarctation using a covered stent. Herz (ISI). 2014 Mar; DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-3984-y [Epub ahead of print]
A22. Börekçi A, Gür M, Türkoğlu C, Çaylı M, Selek S, Kaypaklı O, *Uçar H*, Coskun M, Seker T, Koç M, Gökdeniz T, Gözükara MY. Oxidative Stress and Paraoxonase 1 Activity Predict ContrastInduced Nephropathy in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology (ISI). 2014 May; DOI: 10.1177/0003319714533588 [Epub ahead of print]
A23. Kalkan GY, Gür M, Haydardedeoglu FE , Sinan Kırım S, Baykan AO, Kuloglu O, *Uçar H*, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Seker T, Turkoglu C, Yildirim A, Cayli M. The Association between Aortic Distensibility and Coronary Flow Reserve in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients. Echocardiography (ISI). 2014 May; DOI: 10.1111/echo.12631 [Epub ahead of print]
A24. Kalkan GY, Gür M, Koyunsever NY, Seker T, Gözükara MY, *Uçar H*, Kaypaklı O, Baykan AO, Akyol S, Türkoglu C, Elbasan Z, Sahin DY, Çaylı M. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and aortic intima-media thickness in patients without clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis (ISI). 2014 Aug 17. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21770. [Epub ahead of print].
A25. *Uçar H*, Karaagaç K, Serdar OA, Yetkin ZA, Aktürk Y, Karaagaç EU, Sarıcaoglu H, Arterial Elasticity Measurement in Patients with Behçet Disease. HealthMED (2012’ de ISI) 2012 May; 6: 3255-3261 pp.
A26. Karaagaç K, *Uçar H*, Karaagaç E, Yetkin ZA, Aktürk Y. The Relation Betwen Aspirin Resistance and Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis. HealthMED (2012’ de ISI) 2012 May ;6: 3701-3705 pp.
A27. Cander S, Coban S Altuner S, Gül ÖÖ, Yetgin ZA, Akkurt A, *Uçar H*, Tuncel E. Prevalence and Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional SingleCenter Study Among Turkish Patients. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (ISI). 2014 Aug;12(6):324-9. doi: 10.1089/met.2013.0150. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
A28. Abalı G, *Uçar H*, Elbasan Z , Gür M ,Seker T, Koyunsever NY, Çaylı M, Akpınar O. Effect of Statin on Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology (ISI). 2014 May
A29. Effect of fasting on 24-h blood pressure values of individuals with no previous history of hypertension. Seker A, Demirci H, Ocakoglu G, Aydin U, Ucar H, Yildiz G, Yaman O. Blood Press Monit. 2017 Oct;22(5):247-252. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000244
A30. The importance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ozyilmaz S, Akgul O, Uyarel H, Pusuroglu H, Gul M, Satilmisoglu MH, Bolat I, Ozyilmaz I, *Uçar H*, Yildirim A, Bakir I. Rev Port Cardiol. 2017 Apr;36(4):239-246. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.09.014. Epub 2017 Mar 18. English, Portuguese
A31. A case of stent thrombosis presenting as acute myocardial infarction related to right coronary artery originating from the left coronary system. Ermis E, Kahraman S, Ucar H, Allahverdiyev S. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2018 Feb;7(1):58-60. doi: 10.5582/irdr.2018.01001.
A32. Triple Coronary Artery Thrombosis Presenting as Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Ermis E, Kahraman S, Ucar H, Ozyılmaz SO, Allahverdiyev S. Int J Angiol. 2018 Dec;27(4):223-226. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1608959. Epub 2017 Dec 12
A33. Relationship between blood pressure variability and cognitive function in geriatric hypertensive patients with well-controlled blood pressure. Yıldırım E, Ermis E, Allahverdiyev S, Ucar H, Yavuzer S, Yavuzer H, Cengiz M. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb 1. doi: 10.1007/s40520- 019-01141-6.
C2. Book chapters written in other languages:
C2.1. Hung JS, Lau KW, *Uçar H*, Çaylı M, Çaylı M, Practical Handbook: Practical Handbook of Advanced Interventional Cardiology (Inoue balloon mitral valvuloplasty),437-473 pp, Adana / Turkey, Çukurova Nobel Medical Bookstore, 2014
C2.2. Feldman T, Nguyen TN, *Uçar H*, Çaylı M, Çaylı M, Practical Handbook: Practical Handbook of Advanced Interventional Cardiology (retrograde percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty), 475-486 pp, Çukurova, Adana / Turkey, Çukurova Nobel Medical Bookstore, 2014
D. Articles published in local peer-review journals:
D1. *Uçar H*, Gür M, Seker T, Sahin DY, Kalkan GY, Türkoglu C, Yıldırım A, Kaypaklı O, Elbasan Z, Çaylı M. Impaired kidney function is associated with syntax scorein patients with stable coronary artery disease. Archive of Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2014; DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2014.67790
D2. Kalkan GY, Gür M, Elbasan Z, Baykan AO, Kuloğlu O, Sahin DY, Seker T, Haydardedeoglu FE, Şen Ö, *Uçar H*, Kırım S, Çayli M. Left Ventricle Geometry Affects Coronary Flow Reserve in Diabetic Patients. Archive of Turkish Society of Cardiology, Doi: 10.5543/tkda.2015.59432
D3. *Uçar H*, Karaagaç K, Tiryakioglu S. Woven Left Coronary Artery: A Case Report. Turkish Clinics Journal of Medical Research-Case Reports 2014 (22), 5-6 pp.
D4. Albayrak S, Kemal Karaagaç K, Baran I, Yetgin ZA, *Uçar H*, Aydınlar A, "Carvedilol and Metoprolol in Acute Myocardial Infarction Early Effect of Oxidized LDL and Paraoxonase-1 Activity Abant Medical Journal 2013; DOI: 10.5505/abantmedj.2013.30592
D5. Gür AK, Eker E, Akyol A, Akdag S, Kolcu Z, Odabası D, *Uçar H*. Useage of Intra-aortic Baloon Pump in the Open Heart Surgeries. Medical Journal of School of Medicine, Harran University 2014 (11), 10-14 pp.
D6. Aktürk Y, Dilek Yesilbursa D, *Uçar H*, Yücel E, Özdabakoglu O, Eryılmaz S, Sensoy B, Serdar OA, Aydınlar A. The Effect of Diurnal Blood Pressure Change on Heart Rate Recovery After Cardiac Stress Testing in Hypertensive Patients Receiving Treatment. Uludağ University, School of Medicine Journal 2008 (34), 9-13 pp.
D7. Yesilbursa D, Aydinlar A, Karaagaç K, *Uçar H*, Aktürk Y, Yetgin ZA. Comparison of Depression and Anxiety Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2014; DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.1443
D8. Emül A, Karaagaç K, Yetgin ZA, *Uçar H*, Baran I, Aydınlar A. The Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Aortic Distensibility in Patients with Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries. Sakarya Medical Journal 2013; DOI: 10.5505/sakaryamj.2013.69672
D9. Assessment of side branch patency using a jailed semi-inflated balloon technique with coronary bifurcation lesions. Ermiş E, *Uçar H*, Demirelli S, İpek E, Gür M, Çaylı M. Archive of Turkish Society of Cardiology 2018 Jul;46(5):340-348. doi: 10.5543/tkda.2018.47347.
Mostrar másDr. Alireza Soltanzadeh, born in Iran in 1969, is an esteemed anesthesiology and reanimation specialist with over 25 years of experience in critical care, cardiac anesthesia, and algology. After graduating from Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 1995, he quickly specialized in anesthesiology and critical care, beginning his practice abroad in 1998. Furthering his expertise, he completed a fellowship in cardiac anesthesia at Istanbul’s Çapa Medical Faculty and the Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular Center in 2006 and trained in pain management (algology) in 2013. His extensive knowledge in these fields makes him a vital asset to the medical community.
Dr. Soltanzadeh has held pivotal roles throughout his career, including a five-year tenure as Chief Physician at a state hospital in Iran. He has enriched his medical education by completing specialized courses in Germany and continues to be an active member of numerous international anesthesiology and medical societies. Since 2018, he has practiced in Istanbul, contributing his expertise to the private sector and currently serves in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Istanbul Okan University Hospital.
Fluent in multiple languages, including English, Farsi, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, German, and Arabic, Dr. Soltanzadeh’s professional interests extend to ozone therapy, digital medical device innovation, and enhanced patient safety during anesthesia. His research contributions are recognized internationally, with numerous publications and presentations at renowned anesthesia and pain management congresses worldwide. Dr. Soltanzadeh remains committed to advancing medical standards in his field and continuously expanding his clinical and research expertise.
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