Surgical treatment: all types of operations in urology.
General management of the medical service. Polyclinic reception of patients. Participation in councils. "Second opinion" in difficult cases, expert assessment of clinical situations. Organization and holding of master classes, workshops, webinars.
Techniques that the doctor possesses:
TUIP of the prostate and TOIP of the formations of the urinary bladder.
Laser enucleation of the prostate, laser dissection of bladder tumors.
Laser vaporization of the prostate gland.
Laser incision of urethral strictures
Contact laser uretero- , pyelo- and cystolithotripsy
Percutaneous (mini) nephrolithotripsy
Intrarenal retrograde and antegrade surgery (RIRS and AIRS) Operation Boari.
Plastic surgery of the urethra in case of injury or stricture
Transvesical access prostatectomy
Cystostomy - open and trocar
Nephrostomy
Radical nephrectomy (including laparoscopic)
Suturing of the rupture of the kidney
Pyelolithotomy
Ureterolithotomy
Pelvic-ureteral plastic surgery (laparoscopic)
Removal of kidney cysts (Cystectomy) (laparoscopic)
Ureterocystoneostomy
Ureterocutaneostomy
Operations for intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal ruptures of the urinary bladder
Orchectomy
Epididymectomy
Bergmann and Winckelmann operations
Revision of organs of the portico due to injuries and inflammatory diseases
Operation of Ivanisevich and Marmar for varicocele, circumcision, percutaneous nephrostomy, nephrolithotripsy
Puncture of kidney cysts
Mostrar másProf. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek
Prof. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in 2005. In 2010, he completed his 'Specialization Training' in the field of Urology at Foundation Gureba Hospital. Prof., who conducts studies at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Lütfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital and Haseki Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek received the title of Associate Professor in 2015.
He carried out studies at the University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital between 2015 and 2016. Returning to Turkey in 2016, Prof. worked as a teaching assistant at Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek has been working as a urologist at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura Hospital since 2020.
Prof. has an innovative perspective in the field of urology. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek treats his patients by taking advantage of developing technology. Prof. has made significant contributions to the field of urology with many international research and scientific publications. Dr. Abdulmuttalip Şimşek treats his patients as a Robotic and Reconstructive Urology Specialist.
Education status:
Degree
Department/Program
University
Year
Undergraduate Medicine Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 1999-2005
Specialization in Medicine Urology Bezmi Alem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 2005-2010
Associate Professorship SBU Haseki Training and Research Hospital 2015
PhD in Reconstructive Urology under the direction of Professor Christopher Chapple, University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital, England 2015-2016
Medical Specialization Thesis Title and Advisor: Comparison of Efficacy and Complication Rates of Transobturator and Retropubic Midurethral Loose Sling Surgery in Stress Urinary Incontinence Patients (2010) Thesis Advisor: Prof.Dr. Sinasi Yavuz Önol Bezmi Alem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine Urology Clinic
Areas of Interest: Reconstructive urology, Robotic surgery, Urooncology
Tasks:
Job Title
Duty Station
Year
Expert Dr. Lütfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital – Istanbul 2011- 2012
Expert Dr. Haseki Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2012 January - 2015
Assoc. Dr. Haseki Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2015
Associate Professor. University of Sheffield and Hallamshire Hospital, England 2015-2016
Education Officer Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2016 – May 2020
Education Officer Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital Urology Clinic - Istanbul 2020 June - Present
Administrative Duties:
Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Administrative Manager – 2020
Supervised Theses:
expertise in medicine
Yunus ÇOLAKOĞLU (2020). Comparison of oncological and functional results of Robotic and Open Perineal Radical Prostatectomy. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic
Ramazan UĞUR (2020). The effect of end-to-end anastomosis urethroplasty and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty techniques on erectile function in bulbar urethra stenosis. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic
Abdullah Hızır YAVUZSAN (2017). Comparison of peroperative parameters according to renal nephrometry score in robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic
Memberships to Scientific Organizations:
Turkish Urology Association
Turkish Andrology Association
European Association of Urology
American Urological Association
American Society of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgery
Awards :
Alpay KELAMI, Men's Sexual Health award, Turkish Andrology Association, 2011
Men's Sexual Health Alpay KELAMI award, Turkish Andrology Association, 2009
Mostrar másAreas Of Interest
Laser Prostate Surgery (HoLEP, ThuFLEP)
Robotic and Laparoscopic Urological Surgery
Robotic MR/ Ultrasound Prostate Fusion Biopsy
Urological Oncologic Surgery
Andrology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (water vapor to the prostate)
Focal Treatment for Prostate Cancer (HIFU, Nano Knife)
Education
Elementary school- Kolak, Denizli, Turkey (1986-1990)
Secondary School- Yenimahalle School, Yatagan, Turkey (1990-1994)
High School- Turgutreis High School, Muğla, Turkey (1994-1998)
Gülhane Military Medical Academy Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (1998-2004)
Gülhane Military Medical Academy Urology Clinic Specialty Training, Ankara, Turkey (2007-2012)
Experience
Liv Ulus Hospital
Şişli Kolan International Hospital
Istanbul University of Health and Technology
Gülhane Military Medical Academy (GATA)
Gülhane Education and Research Hospital
University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine
Mostrar más
2011 – 2015, (Internal Medicine Specialist) Istanbul University Istanbul School of Education and Career
Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
2015 – 2016, (Internal Medicine) Specialist Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital
2016 – 2019, (Medical Oncology) Istanbul University Istanbul School of Medicine Department of Medical Oncology
2019 – 2021, (Medical Oncology Specialist) - Istanbul Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital
2021 – 2024, (Associate Professor) Marmara University School of Medicine Department of Medical Oncology
Memberships in Scientific Organizations
ASCO
ESMO
TTOD
AVOD
Publications
In the field of oncology, he has published over 30 peer-reviewed articles at both international and national levels.
Awards Received
EAACI The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2019 Best Poster Award
"The top 3rd verbal presentation, IGICC (11th International Gastrointestinal Cancers Conference – IGICC2021)"
Speeches Delivered at National Congresses, Conferences, and Symposia:
Courses, Meetings, and Certificates
ESMO certified Medical Oncologist since 2019
Mostrar másAfter graduating in Medicine and Surgery, Dr. Saltutti specialized in Urology, gaining advanced expertise in treating disorders of the male and female urinary system, as well as the male reproductive system. Throughout his professional journey, he has focused on innovative and minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as robotic and laparoscopic surgery, especially for the treatment of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers.
Over the years, Dr. Saltutti has attended numerous national and international conferences, expanding his knowledge and contributing to the advancement of therapeutic and surgical techniques in the urological field. He is known for his clinical expertise and dedication to his patients, adopting a personalized approach to each case to ensure effective, high-quality care.
His work at GVM facilities, which boast cutting-edge technologies and a highly qualified medical team, allows Dr. Saltutti to offer comprehensive services ranging from early diagnosis to treatment and post-operative rehabilitation. His areas of specialization include, in addition to urological cancers, the treatment of prostate conditions, kidney stones, urinary incontinence, and male sexual dysfunction.
Thanks to his experience and passion for the medical profession, Dr. Carlo Saltutti is a reference point for patients seeking excellent urological care at the GVM group
Mostrar másSpecialties
Kidney and urinary tract endoscopic stone crushing treatment
Endoscopic Prostate and Bladder Surgery (TUR Method)
Diagnosis and surgery of testicular diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men (Varicocele surgeries)
Diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunctions
Treatment of urinary incontinence in women
Treatment of nocturnal incontinence in children
Treatment of undescended testicle in children
Circumcision
Experience
1995-1999 Bilecik State Hospital Urology Clinic
1999-2002 Kocaeli Gölcük State Hospital Urology Clinic
2002-2006 Sakarya Karasu State Hospital Urology Clinic and Chief Physician
2006-2012 Kocaeli State Hospital Urology Clinic and Chief Physician
2012-2015 Kocaeli State Hospital Urology Clinic
2015-2018 Kocaeli Public Hospitals Secretary General
2018-2021 Kocaeli Provincial Health Director
2021-2023 Kocaeli Darıca Farabi Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic
2023- 2024 Kocaeli Gölcük Necati Çelik State Hospital Urology Clinic
2024 Private Darıca Büyük Anadolu Hospital
Education
Uludag University Faculty of Medicine (graduation) 1988
Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine (specialization) 1994
1982-1988 Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine
1990 -1994 Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology (Specialization)
Scientific Publications
Acar A., Sert I. Ü., Gürbüz R., Ergüney Ş: Submucosal methotrexate applications in inoperable bladder tumors. S.Ü.T.F. Journal. 1993; 9(1):39-41
Acar A., Sert İ.Ü., Gürbüz R., Arslan E.M., Ergüney Ş. , : Bladder wall and prostate
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Mostrar másDr. Sılay is an experienced pediatric urologist practicing in Turkey.
Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Sılay specializes in robotic surgery for urology conditions in children.
Dr. Selçuk Sılay has provided over:
Prof. Selçuk Sılay provides research in robotic surgery in children. Has written over 80 articles.
El Dr. Ismael Ávila Íñiguez es Cirujano General y Urólogo certificado, egresado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara con honores y ha realizado más de 3,000 procedimientos quirúrgicos Urológicos y Oncológicos. Es miembro de diversas asociaciones y ha sido reconocido por su trabajo en unidades de trasplante de órganos y atención del cáncer. Asiste regularmente a seminarios tanto en Estados Unidos como en México.
Mostrar másMario Sofer, un destacado urólogo del Centro Médico Ichilov-Sourasky en Tel Aviv, acepta pacientes de forma privada en Assuta.
Realiza cirugía endoscópica compleja del sistema urinario (defectos, cáncer, enfermedades, cálculos, traumatismos) y microcirugía del sistema urinario (extirpación con láser de próstata agrandada), nefrectomía parcial.
El Prof. Haim Matskin es un renombrado especialista en onco-urología, urología y cirugía, y dirige el Departamento de Urología en el Centro Médico Sourasky. Es experto en braquiterapia y crioterapia y es miembro de pleno derecho de la Asociación Médica de Israel y de la Asociación de urólogos de Europa, Estados Unidos e Israel.
Mostrar másMarital Status : He is married, his wife is an ophthalmologist, and he is the father of two sons, aged 27 (Medical doctor) and 20 (Student).
Educational Status
1988 Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine / Bursa
1982 Kabataş Boys' High School / Istanbul
1979 Göztepe Secondary School / Istanbul
1976 Harun Reşit Primary School / Istanbul
Institutions he works for
2020 Biruni University Hospital, Head of Urology Department / ISTANBUL
2017 Yeni Yüzyıl University Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Head of Urology Department / ISTANBUL2016 Taksim Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Education and Administrative Supervisor / Istanbul
2009 Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Urology Clinic Chief / Istanbul
2007 International Hospital, Yeşilköy / Istanbul
2007 Ankara Training and Research Hospital 2nd Urology Clinic / Ankara
2001 Military Service, Marshal Fevzi Çakmak Military Hospital / Erzurum
1999 Bergama State Hospital / Izmir
1997 Ankara Training and Research Hospital Specialization Program / Ankara
1992 Izmit State Hospital / Izmit
diplomas
2011 Professorship
2006 Associate Professorship
1997 Urology Specialist
1988 Doctor of Medicine
Associations and organizations of which he is a member
European Association of Urology
Turkish Urology Association
Northern Marmara Urology Association
Endourology Association
Nuhoğlu Foundation
Mostrar másScientific Publications
Author of over 100 publications, presentations and book chapters, 58 of which are international.
Experience
2017 - 2022 Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Associate Professor
2017 - 2022 Haseki Training and Research Hospital
2013 - 2017 Haseki Training and Research Hospital
2013 - 2017 Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Chief Resident
2010 - 2013 Silivri State Hospital (Compulsory Service Obligation)
2008 - 2008 University of Michigan Medical School
2005 - 2010 Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Urology
Education
2010 Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Urology
2004 Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty
Publications
International Peer-Reviewed Journals:
Culpan M, Atis G, Sanli O, Bozkurt Y, Atmaca AF, Semerci B, Kutsal C, Canda AE, Akbulut F, Tugcu V, Boylu U, Erturhan S, Koca O, Ateş F, Halis F, Soyupek S, Turna B, Cakmak S, Sahin S, Erdem S, Yildirim A. "Comparison of Tumor Enucleation and Standard Partial Nephrectomy According to Trifecta Outcomes: A Multicenter Study by the Turkish Academy of Urology, Uro-Oncology Working Group." J Invest Surg. 2022 May;35(5):1112-1118.
Sahan M, Sarilar O, Akbulut MF, Demir E, Savun M, Sen O, Ozgor F. "Flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy with regional anesthesia vs general anesthesia: A prospective randomized study." Int Braz J Urol. 2020 Nov-Dec;46(6):1010-1018.
Cubuk A, Yanaral F, Savun M, Ayranci A, Erbin A, Yazici O, Akbulut MF, Sarilar O. "Modified autologous transobturator tape surgery - evaluation of short-term results." Ginekol Pol. 2020;91(2):51-56.
Kandemir E, Savun M, Sezer A, Erbin A, Akbulut MF, Sarilar Ö. "Comparison of Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Secondary Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study." J Endourol. 2020 Jan;34(1):26-32.
Ucpinar B, Erbin A, Ayranci A, Caglar U, Alis D, Basal S, Sarilar O, Akbulut MF. "Prediction of recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. Do patient characteristics matter?" J BUON. 2019 Jul-Aug;24(4):1659-1665.
Ozdemir H, Erbin A, Sahan M, Savun M, Cubuk A, Yazici O, Akbulut MF, Sarilar O. "Comparison of supine and prone miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of lower pole, middle pole and renal pelvic stones: A matched pair analysis." Int Braz J Urol. 2019 Sep-Oct;45(5):956-964.
Erbin A, Ucpinar B, Cubuk A, Yazici O, Uysal H, Savun M, Basal S, Akbulut MF. "The Impact of Sheath Size in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Adult Patients; A Matched-pair Analysis." Urol J. 2019 Dec 24;16(6):536-540.
Güler A, Erbin A, Ucpinar B, Savun M, Sarilar O, Akbulut MF. "Comparison of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of large kidney stones: a randomized prospective study." Urolithiasis. 2019 Jun;47(3):289-295.
Yanaral F, Ozgor F, Savun M, Agbas A, Akbulut F, Sarilar O. "Shock-wave Lithotripsy for Pediatric Patients: Which Nomogram Can Better Predict Postoperative Outcomes?" Urology. 2018 Jul;117:126-130.
Arslan B, Akbulut MF, Onuk O, Küçüktopçu O, Çilesiz NC, Ozkan A, Yazıcı G. "A comparison of Amplatz dilators and metal dilators for tract dilatation in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy." Int Urol Nephrol. 2017 Apr;49(4):581-585.
Akbulut F, Kucuktopcu O, Kandemir E, Ucpinar B, Ozgor F, Simsek A, Arslan B, Erbin A, Yanaral F, Binbay M, Gurbuz G. "Efficacy and safety of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in obese patients." Springerplus. 2016 Jul 22;5(1):1148.
Sancak EB, Oguz S, Akbulut T, Uludag A, Akbas A, Kurt O, Akbulut MF. "Female sexual dysfunction in androgenetic alopecia: Case-control study." Can Urol Assoc J. 2016, July;10(7-8):E251-256.
Akbulut F, Kucuktopcu O, Kandemir E, Sonmezay E, Simsek A, Ozgor F, Binbay M, Muslumanoglu AY, Gurbuz G. "Comparison of flexible ureterorenoscopy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of lower calyceal stones smaller than 2 cm." Ren Fail. 2016;38(1):163-7.
Tok A, Akbulut F, Buldu I, Karatag T, Kucuktopcu O, Gurbuz G, Istanbulluoglu O, Armagan A, Tepeler A, Tasci AI. "Comparison of microperc and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy for medium-sized lower calyx stones." Urolithiasis. 2016 Apr;44(2):155-9.
Akbulut F, Tok A, Penbegul N, Daggulli M, Eryildirim B, Adanur S, Gurbuz G, Celik H, Utangac MM, Dede O, Bodakcı MN, Tepeler A, Sarica K. "Colon perforation related to percutaneous nephrolithotomy: from diagnosis to treatment." Urolithiasis. 2015 Nov;43(6):521-6.
Ozluk Y, Sari S, Guzel NT, Firat P, Akbulut F, Kilicaslan I. "Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney with sarcomatous transformation metastatic to the lung: A case report." Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol. 2015 Jun;37(3):199-205.
Ozgor F, Kucuktopcu O, Sarilar O, Toptas M, Simsek A, Gurbuz ZG, Akbulut MF, Binbay M. "Does previous open renal surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy affect the outcomes and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy." Urolithiasis. 2015 Nov;43(6):541-7.
Ugurlu İM, Akman T, Binbay M, Tekinarslan E, Yazıcı Ö, Akbulut MF, Özgör F, Müslümanoğlu AY. "Outcomes of retrograde flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for stone disease in patients with anomalous kidneys." Urolithiasis. 2015 Feb;43(1):77-82.
Simsek A, Ozgor F, Kirecci SL, Akbulut MF, Sonmezay E, Yuksel B, Kucuktopcu O, Gurbuz ZG. "Results of tension-free vaginal tape for recurrent stress urinary incontinence after unsuccessful transobturator tape surgery." J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014 Jun;40(6):1764-9.
Simsek A, Kirecci SL, Kucuktopcu O, Ozgor F, Akbulut MF, Sarilar O, Ozkuvanci U, Gurbuz ZG. "Comparison of paroxetine and dapoxetine, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of premature ejaculation." Asian J Androl. 2014 Sep-Oct;16(5):725-7.
Akbulut F, Kucuktopcu O, Sonmezay E, Simsek A, Ozgor F, Gurbuz ZG. "Partial penectomy after debridement of a Fournier's gangrene progressing with an isolated penile necrosis." Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2014 Sep;20(5):385-8.
Simsek A, Ozgor F, Yuksel B, Kucuktopcu O, Kirecci SL, Toptas M, Sarilar O, Berberoglu AY, Gurbuz ZG, Mimaroglu S, Akbulut F, Baykal M, Arslan B, Savun M, Ucpinar B. "Female sexual function after transobturator tape in women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence." Springerplus. 2014 Sep 30;3:570.
Akbulut F, Akman T, Salabas E, Dincer M, Ortac M, Kadioglu A. "Neurovascular bundle dissection for Nesbit procedure in congenital penile curvature patients: medial or lateral?" Asian J Androl. 2014 May-Jun;16(3):442-5.
Kadioglu A, Sanli O, Akman T, Canguven O, Aydin M, Akbulut F, Kucukdurmaz F. "Factors Affecting the Degree of Penile Deformity in Peyronie's Disease: An Analysis of 1001 Patients." J Androl. 2011 Sep-Oct;32(5):502-8.
Akman T, Sanli O, Uluocak N, Akbulut F, Nane I, Demir S, Kadioglu A. "The most commonly altered type of Peyronie's disease deformity under oral colchicine treatment is lateral curvature that mostly shifts to the dorsal side." Andrologia. 2011 Feb;43(1):28-33.
Akbulut MF, Sanli O, Kadioglu A. "Editorial Comment on: Are Infertile Men Less Healthy than Fertile Men? Results of a Prospective Case-Control Survey." Eur Urol. 2009 Dec;56(6):1032.
Acar O, Akinci M, Uluocak N, Akbulut F, Kilicaslan I, Gokce O. "Paratesticular metastasis of malignant melanoma: a case report." Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2008 Jun;24(6):315-8.
Çubuk A, Erbin A, Savun M, Ayranci A, Üçpınar B, Yanaral F, Sarılar Ö, Basal Ş, Akbulut MF. "Autologous transobturator midurethral sling." Turk J Urol. 2018 Dec 21;45(3):230-232.
Sarılar Ö, Özgör F, Küçüktopçu O, Uçpınar B, Akbulut MF, Savun M, Gürbüz ZG, Binbay M. "Is standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy still the standard treatment modality for renal stones less than three centimeters?" Turk J Urol. 2017 Jun;43(2):165-170.
Akbulut F, Savun M, Ucpinar B, Sahan M, Arslan B, Ozgor F, Simsek A, Berberoglu AY, Baykal M, Binbay M. "Duplicated Renal System with H Shaped Ureter: An Extraordinary Anomaly." Case Rep Urol. 2016;2016:4062515.
Akbulut F, Kucuktopcu O, Kandemir E, Sonmezay E, Simsek A, Ucpinar B, Ozgor F, Gurbuz G. "Comparison of efficacy of laser lithotripter with ultrasonic lithotripter in mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy." Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016 Jan 14;87(4):276-9.
Ozgor F, Simsek A, Aydogdu O, Kucuktopcu O, Sarilar O, Berberoglu AY, Akbulut MF, Binbay M. "Bleeding during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: Can a hemostatic matrix help to improve hemostasis?"
Mostrar másEducation:
1997 – 2003 Hacettepe University
2004 – 2009 Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital
2016 – 2019 Afyon Kocatepe University
Experience:
2022 – Still Lokman Hekim Akay Hospital
2019 – 2022 Private Meddem Hospital
2018 – 2019 Afyon Kocatepe University
2015 – 2018 Afyon Kocatepe University
2012 – 2015 Bozok University Faculty of Medicine
2010 – 2012 Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital
2009 – 2010 TSK Rehabilitation and Care Center Presidency
2004 – 2009 Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital
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