Knee treatments in Italy primarily utilize autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) derived from the patient's own bone marrow or adipose tissue. Italian clinics follow strict EU regulations, prioritizing autologous sources like Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) to treat osteoarthritis and cartilage defects.
- Bone marrow concentrate: Extracted from the iliac crest, containing high concentrations of MSCs and growth factors.
- Adipose-derived cells: Harvested from fat tissue using systems like Lipogems® to preserve regenerative environments.
- Combined therapies: MSCs are often mixed with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) or hyaluronic acid hydrogels.
- Autologous restriction: Italian law and EU regulations generally limit clinics to the patient's own cells.
Bookimed Expert Insight: While many countries offer donor cells, Italy's focus on autologous BMAC provides a specific clinical advantage. Surgeons like Dr. Raul Zini at Maria Cecilia Hospital, who has performed over 15,000 procedures, often target early-stage osteoarthritis for the best structural results. Data shows that while pain relief is common, structural repair is most effective before advanced joint degradation occurs.
Patient Consensus: Patients emphasize verifying the actual cell source and concentration metrics before treatment to distinguish between true stem cells and PRP. Many report significant pain relief but recommend a 6-month MRI to confirm structural progress beyond improved physical feeling.